NSCA CSCS Chapter 8 All Questions with accurate answers, 100% Accurate.

NSCA CSCS Chapter 8 All Questions with accurate answers, 100% Accurate. Individual zones of optimal functioning theory: - -different people in different types of performances, will perform best with different arousal levels - states that ideal performance is not at midpoint necessarily - best performance can occur within small range or not, it depends on the person; one emotion can be negative to someone but positive to someone else Ideal performance state: - -The ultimate goal of every athlete, characterized by absence of fear (no fear of failure), no thinking about or analysis of performance, a narrow focus of attention concentrated on the activity itself, a sense of effortlessness (an involuntary experience), a sense of personal control, and a distortion of time and space in which time seems to slow. physiological efficiency: - -amount of mental and physical energy required to perform a task sports psychology: - -seeks to understand the influence of behavioral processes and cognitions on athletes movements in their sport; uses psychological knowledge and skills to optimize performance and well being of athletes What are the 3 main goals of sport psychology? - -1. measure psychological phenomena 2. relationship between psychological variables and performance 3. applying theoretical knowledge to improve athletic performance What does the ideal Performance State include? (6) - -1. Absence of fear 2. no thinking/ analysis of performance 3. narrow focus of attention; concentrated on task 4. sense of effortlessness 5. personal control 6 distortion of time and place emotions: - -temporary feeling states that occur in response to events and that have both physiological and psychological components arousal: - -blend of physiological and psychological activation in an individual and refers to the intensity of motivation at any given moment anxiety: (NWAF) - -"subcategory of arousal"- negatively perceived emotional state with nervousness, worry, apprehension, or fear cognitive anxiety: - -cognitive component of anxiety; the individuals negative perception of the situation somatic anxiety: - -physical symptoms of anxiety such as tense muscles, tachycardia, and upset stomach state anxiety: - -subjective experience of apprehension and uncertainty accompanied by elevated autonomic (involuntary) and voluntary neural outflow and increased endocrine activity trait anxiety: - -personality variable relating to probability that one will perceive environment as threatening in an anxious state, what is relatively uncontrolled? - -arousal Stress: - -substantial imbalance between demand and response capability, under conditions in which failure to meet the demands has consequences stressor: - -an environmental or cognitive event that causes stress distress: - -negative stress that can make a person sick or keep a person from reaching a goal eustress: - -A positive stress that energizes a person and helps a person reach a goal distress can trigger anxiety due to its . . . - -negative aspects There are 5 theories/ models to explain relationship between arousal and performance, what are they? - -1. Drive theory 2. Inverted-U theory 3. Individual zones of optimal functioning theory 4. Catastrophe theory 5. Reversal theory Drive theory: - -direct linear relationship between arousal and performance - states that as individuals arousal or state anxiety increases so does there performance Skill level: - -The more skill an athlete has developed, the better he or she can perform during states of less or greater than optimal arousal - optimal arousal will be lower for less skilled athletes than for advanced athletes task complexity: - -influences arousal - when there is more things to focus on, there needs to be less arousal so that you can be concentrated and focused on the task - when the task is simple you need more arousal in order to focus on task and improve performance Inverted-U Theory: - -states that arousal facilitates performance up to an optimal level, beyond which further increases in arousal are associated with reduced performance - midpoint arousal is where the ideal performance is Catastrophe theory: - -theory of arousal that predicts rapid decline in performance from high cognitive anxiety and increasing somatic anxiety Reversal theory: - -arousal and anxiety effects performance based on how athlete interprets arousal Motivation: - -intensity and direction of effort intrinsic motivation: - -desire to be competent and self determining - athletes are driven because of their love of the game and the inherent reward they feel from participation - this motivation comes from within the athlete extrinsic motivation: - -motivation form some external instead of internal source - ex: rewards, trophies achievement motivation: (MAOE) - -persons efforts to . . . 1. master a task 2. achieve excellence 3. overcome obstacles 4. and engage in social comparison or competition motive to achieve (MAS): - -relates to the capacity to experience pride in ones accomplishments and also challenge oneself and evaluate ones abilities motive to avoid failure (MAF): - -relates to the desire to protect ones ego and self esteem - avoiding shame from failure self controlled practice: - -enhances motivation, performance, and skill learning; includes the athlete on practice decisions and when to receive feedback and also just ask athletes how they are doing positive reinforcement: - -act of increasing the probability of an event/ behavior happening by positive actions like praise or rewards - you're adding something to their environment ex: correct footwork for volleyball so you get to pick dinner for team operant: - -a target behavior ex: you wont your player to hit a certain spot in the court this is an "operant" -that is their target neagative reinforcement: - -increases the probability of a specific event/behavior by the removal of an act, object or event - taking something from their environment ex: if you get so many passes to target you don't have to do sprints postive punishment: - -making athlete do something in response to an unwanted behavior - making athletes sprint due to not making curfew - adding something to their environment negative punishment: - -removing something form athlete due to unwanted behavior - person does not get to pick team dinner because person did not make curfew - taking something away from their environment attention: - -both environmental and internal cues that come to awareness selective attention: - -inhibit awareness of some stimuli in order to process other stimuli - this will suppress task irrelevant cues routine: - -ritual or mental checklist that directs thought to task relevant and controllable concerns What are Fitts and Posners 3 stages to learning a new motor skill? - -1. cognitive stage: effortful and conscious regulation of the movement 2. associative stage: must focus on task but less concerned with details of movement 3. automaticity: mind is relaxed and skill is executed automatically Nideffer says there are shifting categories of attentional styles and his attentional styles contain 2 dimensions. . . what are they? - -2 dimensions: - direction: internal or external (introspective vs externally oriented perception) - width: broad or narrow (integrative vs highly selective orientation) What are the four categories or quads developed by Nideffer attentional style? - -1. broad external: asses the situation by looking at the environment and various elements within it 2. broad internal: athlete processes information and develops strategy 3. narrow internal: athlete mentally rehearses upcoming action 4. narrow external: athlete focuses on one or two external cues to generate action Diaphragmatic breathing (deep breathing) - -"belly breathing" - focuses on attention to breathing to relax and clear brain -a relaxation technique to control elevated arousal and anxiety progressive's muscular relaxation: - -technique in which psychological and physical arousal are self regulated through the control of skeletal muscle tension - you tense the muscle 10-15 seconds then conscious attempt to relax muscle autogenic training: - -series