NCE Exam THEORY, Top Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Verified

NCE Exam THEORY, Top Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Verified Arrange in order Erikson's Stages: 1. industry vs. inferiority 2. initiative vs. guilt 3. generativity vs. stagnation 4. autonomy vs. shame - -4, 2, 1 ,3 An adolescent counselor is counseling a 15-year-old youth who is experiencing difficulty in peer relationships, both male and female. In addition, this student vacillates between wanting to do well in school and not caring about grades. Using the Erikson psychosocial model, the counselor would expect this person to be experiencing conflict at which stage of development? a. industry vs. inferiority b. autonomy vs. shame c. initiative vs. guilt d. identity vs. role confusion - -D. Answer: identity vs. role confusion. This stage usually encompasses those individuals in the age range of 12-18 who, in the process of finding out who one is, can experience the failure side of a false sense of self. Successful progression through Erikson's Stages requires: a. resolution of the conflict at each stage. b. meeting the tasks presented by society at each stage. c. completing differentiation and integration of one's ego. d. displaying age-appropriate cognitive learning per stage. - -A Donald Super, a vocational theorist, believes a maxicycle is completed during one's lifetime. A minicycle occurs at each stage in his theory and is essential for vocational maturity. At each stage what must happen in this minicycle for a person to be mature at that stage? The person will: a. acquire and implement a skill. b. integrate self-concept into an occupation. c. complete tasks society presents at each stage. d. continue the sequence of ego differentiation. - -C. Answer: c. complete tasks society presents at each stage. Super is best known as a stage-and-task theorist. Super believed completion of age-appropriate tasks was essential for maturity at each age. Answer b. is a viable answer in that maturity also called for moving a person along the lines of maturity and integrating the many self-role concepts into one's self-concept role. The maxicycle is a step-bystep task and stage development. Donald Super, a vocational theorist, believes a maxicycle is completed during one's lifetime. A minicycle occurs at each stage in his theory and is essential for vocational maturity. At each stage what must happen in this minicycle for a person to be mature at that stage? The person will: a. acquire and implement a skill. b. integrate self-concept into an occupation. c. complete tasks society presents at each stage. d. continue the sequence of ego differentiation. - -C Who did the BoBo Doll experiement? - -Albert Bandura What did the BoBO Doll experiment show us? - -- BoBo Doll, punch bag experiment. - Show the kindergarteners aggressive video of somebody punching the bobo - The kindergarteners mimicked the video - These kids learn merely through observation. There was no positive reinforcer, and in classical behavioral psychology- they would need that. - He created OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING What is observational learning - -where people learn by simply watching, and there are no reinforcers What are the three components Albert Bandura created for Observational Learning? - -Attention, Retention, Reproduction, using Motivation= Observational Learning Give an example of banduras modeling therapy- - -when you watch somebody doing something positive, like walking up to a snake, give themselves positive reinforcers and self-talk, he found out that people who watched the model do this, even knowing it was just a model would be able to overcome their phobias, simply by doing what they had seen done. Bandura was able to use his cognitive approach to psychology. What is self-efficacy? - -when ones self-esteem is based by societies standards and ones own performance Who is the Father of Cognitive Psychology? - -Albert Bandura What is recipricol determinism? - -The idea that the environment works on us, we work on it and our cognitions put it all together What are Maslow's five stages of needs? - -*REMEMBER: PSBES, Poetic Singers Boldly Embrace Song Level 1- Phisiological needs: air, water, food, elimination of waste, biological reproduction (A deficit in those needs that said we need to address this need) Level 2- Safety and Security needs Level 3- Love and Belongingness, you can see that by people reaching out to groups Level 4- Esteem needs, lower esteem needs- status, fame, glory. Higher esteem needs- self respect Level 5- Self-actualization (B Need/ BEING need) Reality-centered, seeing life as it is, they looked at difficulties as problems to be solved, enjoyed automony, resisted being enculturated, had an un-hostile sense of humor, great acceptance of self and others, had a certain spontenaity, showed great humility and respect, human kinship (Elanor Roosevelt) Which of Maslow's needs were D needs? or DEFICIT needs? (Essentially we don't realize we need it until it's gone) - -stage 1-4 Which of Maslow's needs were B needs? or BEING needs? - -Stage 5 What is homeostasis? - -like our thermostats, regulatory mechanism. FOR EXAMPLE: When we feel as though we've achieved belongingness, we quit having to reach out for that. What were Maslow's cognitive and aestitic needs? - -Cognitive- need to understand and know Aesthetic- need for beauty -Able to move from one level to the next Who is known as the Father of Individual Therapy? - -Alfred Adler What is the theraputic relationship of adlerian therapy? - -therapuetic relationship based on a contract between the two where both bear equal responsibility, mutual respect. What are some ideals held by adlerian therapy about people in their own world? - --Influenced by social forces - people are in control of their own fate -people develop their style of living during childhood, and basically stay that way for the rest of their lives How would an adlerian therapist help the client overcome discouragement and help them feel a sense of equality with the rest of the world? - -Challenge the clients mistaken notions What are the limitations of adlerian therapy? - -basic concepts are somewhat vague, so difficult to validate. What is fictional finalism? in regards to Adlerian Therapy? - -The imagined goal that gives direction to behavior, and a sense of unity to who we are. The inside image of what we'd like to be like. What is holism? in regards to Adlerian Therapy? - -Seeing people as intigrated beings, rather than a set of personality traits Who dealt mostly with feelings of inferiority? - -Alfred Adler Who is the founder of Transactional Analysis? - -Eric Berne Who are some contemporaries of Transactional Analysis? - -The Goldings What therapy method utilizes personality structure that has three ego states: parent, adult and child - -Transactional Analysis What are the three ego states in Transactional Analysis and what do they represent? - -Adult, processor of information, rational Child, impulsive, spontaneous Parent, the shoulds, the oughts, the should nots What is the primary goal of transactional Analysis - -to achieve a degree of awareness for a client to make new decisions deciding future behavior, and that that person will become automons, game free, script free, and a person who gets to choose who they get to be. What type of relationship does a counselor share with his client in Transactional Analysis Therapy? - -Joint sharing theraputic relationship. What are some Pros and cons of Transactional Analysis therapy? - -PROS: concrete specific and easily grasped. Brief therapy with a specific time frame, decreases dependence upon the therapy CONS: all of those terms can become mechanical, they could become a defense mechanism What is a RACKET in TA? - -habitual feeling that people chronically cling to after a game (anger, shame) What is a GAME in TA? - -predictable behaviors that ends in bad feelings What is a STROKE in TA? - -form of recognition, positive or negative, conditional or unconditional What is a TRANSACTION in TA? - -exchange of strokes between two or more people. It's the basic unit of human communication. What is your LIFE POSITION in TA? - -Life Position- stance people take in childhood What is a LIFE SCRIPT in TA? - -early decisions regarding themselves What therapy model utilizes life scripts and transactions and rackets? - -Transactional Analysis What therapy model came out as speaking against traditional psychoanalysis in the 1940's? - -Person Centered- Carl Rogers Which therapy model has a positive view on humanity? - -Rogerian/ Person Centered Which therapy model emphasizes a clients strengths, puts the client, not the therapist at the center of the relationship. - -Rogerian/ Person Centered Which therapy model uses the phrase, "One can be the director of his or her own life?" - -Rogerian/ Person Centered What are the goals of Person-Centered theory? - -to provide a climate of safety and trust in the theraputic setting, so that the client can use that relationship and become aware of these idea blocks to grow. Client moves toward openness and not fixed. More living by internal standards, as opposed to taking external cues of who we ought to become. What type of therapist would utilize very few techniques, techniques are secondary to therapist themselves. Minimizes questions. Mostly listening, hearing, reflection, clarification? - -Rogerian/ Person Centered