Genetics
Division
Self -
Replication mitotic
°^"°^""ᵈ°" "
Phases Of Mitotic Division
"
"
Ribosomes are the site of Protein synthesis How +◦ remember is
by the abbreviation PMAT .
◦
Prophase
Hormones
◦
Metaphase
>
•
◦
Enzymes ( produced by our own bodies •
Anaphase
• Antibodies •
Telophase
DNA is responsible for these functions .
Prophase
↳ chromosomes are visible
structure of DNA ↳ Nuclear membrane breaks down
↳ spindle fibres form
DNA is made of :
up
◦
Phosphate Radicle
◦
Pentose Sugar Metaphase
◦ Nucleic Acid ↳ the chromosomes are pulled to the
boundary
↳ stay at the middle of the cell
↳ Centrosome also starts to appear
Anaphase
↳ sister chromatids are pulled apart
↳ Move to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase
↳ spindle fibre breaks down
↳ Nuclear forms
.
membrane
↳ Chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin
DNA ( ( SH ,o0q )
:
Deoxyribose sugar
RNA :
Ribose
sugar
( ( SH ,o0s )
cytokinesis
and cell divides
↳ Cytoplasm splits in two the
If are
errors
present , the
protein will
Nucleotideeiminpatdesesthe error and replace it with
◦
Purine the correct
part .
↳ They have a double
ring structure ,
Ex : Adenine { Guanine
then will
prophase occur after
•
Pyrimidifffesse steps .
↳ They have a single ring structure Ex
,
:
Thymine { Gyostine
◦
Uracil
↳ Uracil is
only found in RNA and it replaces
thymine .
RNA represented by the letters A ,
G
,
C, V
Adenine " " Uracil
Example Of Nucleotide
Guanine
Cytosine Bases :
, Protein Synthesis
°
Transcription
°
Translation
Transcription
transcription in nucleus
↳ The process
of occurs the of a
Eukaryote II
↳ mRNA will be formed from the DNA → Ribosome
molecule which is used
↳ Of the two strands in the DNA
,
OIE is termed the
template to produce the mRNA molecule
.
/
-
mRNA leaves the nucleus to the
cytoplasm where proteins are formed
Translation
↳ out of the Nucleus
Takes place
↳ A polypeptide chain is built using a sequence of codons in an mRNA molecule
↳ Transfer RNA ( tRNA ) molecules are required to transfer amino acids from the
cytosol to the mRNA strand
Example of Codons
iii
A v 6
we
Start Codon
End Codons
Interphase ( complex )
Go :
don't
Some cells respond to stimulus .
I G, :
Message to
copy DNA
2. :
S phase Replication of DNA /synthesis
3
checking
:
Oz the
'
of DNA proteins checking
.
are
,
the DNA for errors .
If are
errors
present , the
protein will
eliminate the error and with
replace it
the correct
part .
☒
±
Then prophase can occur
Asexual Reproduction
( bacteria )
Prokaryotes :
Binary Fission
:
Eukaryotes Mitosis
Division
Self -
Replication mitotic
°^"°^""ᵈ°" "
Phases Of Mitotic Division
"
"
Ribosomes are the site of Protein synthesis How +◦ remember is
by the abbreviation PMAT .
◦
Prophase
Hormones
◦
Metaphase
>
•
◦
Enzymes ( produced by our own bodies •
Anaphase
• Antibodies •
Telophase
DNA is responsible for these functions .
Prophase
↳ chromosomes are visible
structure of DNA ↳ Nuclear membrane breaks down
↳ spindle fibres form
DNA is made of :
up
◦
Phosphate Radicle
◦
Pentose Sugar Metaphase
◦ Nucleic Acid ↳ the chromosomes are pulled to the
boundary
↳ stay at the middle of the cell
↳ Centrosome also starts to appear
Anaphase
↳ sister chromatids are pulled apart
↳ Move to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase
↳ spindle fibre breaks down
↳ Nuclear forms
.
membrane
↳ Chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin
DNA ( ( SH ,o0q )
:
Deoxyribose sugar
RNA :
Ribose
sugar
( ( SH ,o0s )
cytokinesis
and cell divides
↳ Cytoplasm splits in two the
If are
errors
present , the
protein will
Nucleotideeiminpatdesesthe error and replace it with
◦
Purine the correct
part .
↳ They have a double
ring structure ,
Ex : Adenine { Guanine
then will
prophase occur after
•
Pyrimidifffesse steps .
↳ They have a single ring structure Ex
,
:
Thymine { Gyostine
◦
Uracil
↳ Uracil is
only found in RNA and it replaces
thymine .
RNA represented by the letters A ,
G
,
C, V
Adenine " " Uracil
Example Of Nucleotide
Guanine
Cytosine Bases :
, Protein Synthesis
°
Transcription
°
Translation
Transcription
transcription in nucleus
↳ The process
of occurs the of a
Eukaryote II
↳ mRNA will be formed from the DNA → Ribosome
molecule which is used
↳ Of the two strands in the DNA
,
OIE is termed the
template to produce the mRNA molecule
.
/
-
mRNA leaves the nucleus to the
cytoplasm where proteins are formed
Translation
↳ out of the Nucleus
Takes place
↳ A polypeptide chain is built using a sequence of codons in an mRNA molecule
↳ Transfer RNA ( tRNA ) molecules are required to transfer amino acids from the
cytosol to the mRNA strand
Example of Codons
iii
A v 6
we
Start Codon
End Codons
Interphase ( complex )
Go :
don't
Some cells respond to stimulus .
I G, :
Message to
copy DNA
2. :
S phase Replication of DNA /synthesis
3
checking
:
Oz the
'
of DNA proteins checking
.
are
,
the DNA for errors .
If are
errors
present , the
protein will
eliminate the error and with
replace it
the correct
part .
☒
±
Then prophase can occur
Asexual Reproduction
( bacteria )
Prokaryotes :
Binary Fission
:
Eukaryotes Mitosis
