Name: Hiba Majid 13E (P:\Science\Mr Alim\Year 12\AS Biology)
Core practical: 17
HYPOTHESIS: Male students will have a larger mean vital capacity than female students
METHOD:
1. Carry out instructions given (or those you have produced/researched) to complete the
practical (CPAC1)
2. List apparatus below and describe techniques used when measuring quantities with a
particular piece of apparatus:
Piece of apparatus Purpose of piece of Comment on how piece of equipment Appendix
apparatus was used 5c
accurately/appropriately/safely technique
Lung volume bag To measure the To ensure measurement reading was
maximum volume of air consistent within groups, the same
that can be exhaled by a person read off the measurement
human lung from the bag (Low risk)
Rubber band To keep the bag air tight The rubber band should not be flicked
and attach mouthpiece to around so that it does not go into
the bag anyone's eyes and it should not be tied
around someone’s fingers or wrist to
stop blood circulation (Low risk)
Disinfectant (dettol) Mouthpiece can be To prevent spills, it will be kept in the
disinfected to kill bacteria middle of the table, away from the
that is transferred from experimental area to avoid inhalation.
participants mouth Lab coats will be worn to avoid contact
with skin which will lead to irritation
(Medium risk)
Plastic mouthpiece This will be attached to This will be tightly sealed to the lung
the lung volume plastic capacity bag (using a rubber band) so
bag so that we can that any gas exhaled will not leak.
breathe into it (Low risk)
(CPAC a2a, 2b, 2d, 3a, 3b)
3. Summarise the method used, pointing out any difficulties in carrying out the practical and
any changes that were necessary from the original plan and why they were made. Draw an
appropriate diagram as necessary. (CPAC 2c)
1. Attach mouthpiece to the volume bag with an elastic band to keep the bag airtight
2. Calibrate the bag by flattening it out using a ruler to get rid of gas that is already inside
3. The student will take deep breath in and then breathe out into the volume bag and then
hold the end of the bag with the mouthpiece to stop air from getting out immediately
Mr Alim
, Name: Hiba Majid 13E (P:\Science\Mr Alim\Year 12\AS Biology)
4. Another person will push the air towards the end and then look at the point at which the air
was up to. This measurement will be recorded
5. This will be done three times per person and then an average will be calculated for each
person. This will be repeated for 3 people per group
4. State
A. Independent variable: Gender
B. Dependent variable: Vital capacity
C. Control variables and how they were controlled
Control variable How controlled
Environmental conditions Lighting kept off, windows are kept closed
and heating/AC kept off
Age All participants were aged between 17-18
Subjectivity in reading measurement Same person reading measurement on bag
Activity Everyone was standing up
(CPAC 2c)
The measurements on the bag are in litres. This will need to be converted into dm 3→1L=1000ml and
1000 ml=1 dm3
RESULTS:
1. Draw a table showing clearly what measurements will be made. Remember to use correct
units throughout. (CPAC 4a)
2. Write down the measurements made during your investigation in the table produced.
Vital capacity (litres)-forced breath
Gender Person R1 R2 R3 Mean
Female 1 2.00 1.90 1.80 1.90
2 1.30 1.40 1.70 1.35
3 2.30 2.60 2.40 2.35
4 1.80 2.00 2.30 2.15
5 1.80 1.90 1.80 1.83
Male 1 2.70 3.70 3.80 3.75
2 3.10 3.20 3.00 3.10
3 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.00
Mr Alim
Core practical: 17
HYPOTHESIS: Male students will have a larger mean vital capacity than female students
METHOD:
1. Carry out instructions given (or those you have produced/researched) to complete the
practical (CPAC1)
2. List apparatus below and describe techniques used when measuring quantities with a
particular piece of apparatus:
Piece of apparatus Purpose of piece of Comment on how piece of equipment Appendix
apparatus was used 5c
accurately/appropriately/safely technique
Lung volume bag To measure the To ensure measurement reading was
maximum volume of air consistent within groups, the same
that can be exhaled by a person read off the measurement
human lung from the bag (Low risk)
Rubber band To keep the bag air tight The rubber band should not be flicked
and attach mouthpiece to around so that it does not go into
the bag anyone's eyes and it should not be tied
around someone’s fingers or wrist to
stop blood circulation (Low risk)
Disinfectant (dettol) Mouthpiece can be To prevent spills, it will be kept in the
disinfected to kill bacteria middle of the table, away from the
that is transferred from experimental area to avoid inhalation.
participants mouth Lab coats will be worn to avoid contact
with skin which will lead to irritation
(Medium risk)
Plastic mouthpiece This will be attached to This will be tightly sealed to the lung
the lung volume plastic capacity bag (using a rubber band) so
bag so that we can that any gas exhaled will not leak.
breathe into it (Low risk)
(CPAC a2a, 2b, 2d, 3a, 3b)
3. Summarise the method used, pointing out any difficulties in carrying out the practical and
any changes that were necessary from the original plan and why they were made. Draw an
appropriate diagram as necessary. (CPAC 2c)
1. Attach mouthpiece to the volume bag with an elastic band to keep the bag airtight
2. Calibrate the bag by flattening it out using a ruler to get rid of gas that is already inside
3. The student will take deep breath in and then breathe out into the volume bag and then
hold the end of the bag with the mouthpiece to stop air from getting out immediately
Mr Alim
, Name: Hiba Majid 13E (P:\Science\Mr Alim\Year 12\AS Biology)
4. Another person will push the air towards the end and then look at the point at which the air
was up to. This measurement will be recorded
5. This will be done three times per person and then an average will be calculated for each
person. This will be repeated for 3 people per group
4. State
A. Independent variable: Gender
B. Dependent variable: Vital capacity
C. Control variables and how they were controlled
Control variable How controlled
Environmental conditions Lighting kept off, windows are kept closed
and heating/AC kept off
Age All participants were aged between 17-18
Subjectivity in reading measurement Same person reading measurement on bag
Activity Everyone was standing up
(CPAC 2c)
The measurements on the bag are in litres. This will need to be converted into dm 3→1L=1000ml and
1000 ml=1 dm3
RESULTS:
1. Draw a table showing clearly what measurements will be made. Remember to use correct
units throughout. (CPAC 4a)
2. Write down the measurements made during your investigation in the table produced.
Vital capacity (litres)-forced breath
Gender Person R1 R2 R3 Mean
Female 1 2.00 1.90 1.80 1.90
2 1.30 1.40 1.70 1.35
3 2.30 2.60 2.40 2.35
4 1.80 2.00 2.30 2.15
5 1.80 1.90 1.80 1.83
Male 1 2.70 3.70 3.80 3.75
2 3.10 3.20 3.00 3.10
3 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.00
Mr Alim
