PCCIV Perfusion NCLEX Practice Questions all correctly answered

The nurse is admitting a patient who is scheduled to undergo a cardiac catheterization. What allergy is most important for the nurse to assess before this procedure? a. Iron b. Iodine c. Aspirin d. Penicillin b. Iodine The physician will usually use an iodine-based contrast to perform this procedure. Therefore it is imperative to know whether or not the patient is allergic to iodine or shellfish. Knowledge of allergies to iron, aspirin, or penicillin will be secondary. The nurse is providing care for a patient who has decreased cardiac output related to heart failure. What should the nurse recognize about cardiac output? a. Calculated by multiplying the patient's stroke volume by the heart rate b. The average amount of blood ejected during one complete cardiac cycle c. Determined by measuring the electrical activity of the heart and the patient's heart rate d. The patient's average resting heart rate multiplied by the patient's mean arterial blood pressure a. Calculated by multiplying the patient's stroke volume by the heart rate Cardiac output is determined by multiplying the patient's stroke volume by heart rate, thus identifying how much blood is pumped by the heart over a 1-minute period. Electrical activity of the heart and blood pressure are not direct components of cardiac output. Auscultation of a patient's heart reveals the presence of a murmur. What is this assessment finding a result of? a. Increased viscosity of the patient's blood b. Turbulent blood flow across a heart valve c. Friction between the heart and the myocardium d. A deficit in heart conductivity that impairs normal contractility b. Turbulent blood flow across a heart valve Turbulent blood flow across the affected valve results in a murmur. A murmur is not a direct result of variances in blood viscosity, conductivity, or friction between the heart and myocardium. A 59-year-old man has presented to the emergency department with chest pain. What component of his subsequent blood work is most clearly indicative of a myocardial infarction (MI)? a. CK-MB b. Troponin c. Myoglobin d. C-reactive protein b. Troponin Troponin is the biomarker of choice in the diagnosis of MI, with sensitivity and specificity that exceed those of CK-MB and myoglobin. CRP levels are not used to diagnose acute MI. When looking at the electrocardiogram (ECG) of the patient, the nurse knows that the QRS complex recorded on the ECG represents which part of the heart's beat? a. Depolarization of the atria b. Repolarization of the ventricles c. Depolarization from AV node throughout ventricles d. The length of time it takes for the impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles c. Depolarization from AV node throughout ventricles The QRS recorded on the ECG represents depolarization from the AV node throughout the ventricles. The P wave represents depolarization of the atria. The T wave represents repolarization of the ventricles. The interval between the PR and QRS represents the length of time it takes for the impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles. On return from surgery, the patient is wearing intermittent sequential compression stockings that he does not want to keep on. How should the nurse explain their necessity to the patient while he is on bed rest? a. The socks keep the legs warm while the patient is not moving much. b. The socks maintain the blood flow to the legs while the patient is on bed rest. c. The socks keep the blood pressure down while the patient is stressed after surgery. d. The socks provide compression of the veins to keep the blood moving back to the heart. d. The socks provide compression of the veins to keep the blood moving back to the heart. Intermittent sequential compression stockings provide compression of the veins while the patient is not using skeletal muscles to compress the veins, which keeps the blood moving back to the heart and prevents blood pooling in the legs that could cause deep vein thrombosis. The warmth is not important. Blood flow to the legs is not maintained. Blood pressure is not decreased with the use of intermittent sequential compression stockings. A 52-year-old male patient has received a bolus dose and an infusion of alteplase (Activase) for an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). To determine the effectiveness of this medication, the nurse should assess the patient for: a. presence of chest pain. b. blood in the urine or stool. c. tachycardia with hypotension. d. decreased level of consciousness. a. presence of chest pain. Alteplase is a fibrinolytic that is administered to patients who have had an STEMI. If the medication is effective, the patient's chest pain will resolve because the medication dissolves the thrombus in the coronary artery and results in reperfusion of the myocardium. Bleeding is a major complication of fibrinolytic therapy. Signs of major bleeding include decreased level of consciousness, blood in the urine or stool, and increased heart rate with decreased blood pressure.