Pathophysiology Chapter 5- Test Bank Question already passed 2023

Pathophysiology Chapter 5- Test Bank Question already passed 2023Tears are considered to be part of the: 1. first line of defense. 2. second line of defense. 3. third line of defense. 4. specific defenses. 5. nonspecific defenses. A) 1, 4 B) 1, 5 C) 3, 4 D) 2, 5 B A specific defense for the body is: A) phagocytosis. B) sensitized T lymphocytes. C) the inflammatory response. D) intact skin and mucous membranes. B The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to: A) phagocytosis of foreign material. B) local vasodilation. C) any tissue injury. D) formation of purulent exudates. C Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include: A) albumin and fibrinogen. B) growth factors and cell enzymes. C) macrophages and neutrophils. D) histamine and prostaglandins. D Which of the following result directly from the release of chemical mediators following a moderate burn injury? 1. Pain 2. Local vasoconstriction 3. Increased capillary permeability 4. Pallor A) 1, 2 B) 1, 3 C) 2, 3 D) 2, 4 B Granulation tissue is best described as: A) highly vascular, very fragile, and very susceptible to infection. B) an erosion through the wall of viscera, leading to complications. C) a type of adhesion with no vascularization. D) a form of stenosis, in a duct, that is extremely tough and resists attack by microbes. A Edema associated with inflammation results directly from: A) increased fluid and protein in the interstitial compartment. B) increased phagocytes in the affected area. C) decreased capillary permeability. D) general vasoconstriction. A The warmth and redness related to the inflammatory response results from: A) increased interstitial fluid. B) production of complement. C) a large number of white blood cells (WBCs) entering the area. D) increased blood flow into the area. D What is the correct order of the following events in the inflammatory response immediately after tissue injury? 1. Increased permeability of blood vessels 2. Dilation of blood vessels 3. Transient vasoconstriction 4. Migration of leukocytes to the area 5. Hyperemia A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4 B) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 C) 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 D) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 D The process of phagocytosis involves the: A) ingestion of foreign material and cell debris by leukocytes. B) shift of fluid and protein out of capillaries. C) formation of a fibrin mesh around the infected area. D) movement of erythrocytes through the capillary wall. A Systemic effects of severe inflammation include: A) erythema and warmth. B) loss of movement at the affected joint. C) fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever. D) abscess formation. C The term leukocytosis means: A) increased white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. B) decreased WBCs in the blood. C) increased number of immature circulating leukocytes. D) significant change in the proportions of WBCs. A Which of the following statements applies to fever? A) Viral infection is usually present. B) Heat-loss mechanisms have been stimulated. C) It is caused by a signal to the thalamus. D) It results from release of pyrogens into the circulation. D Mechanisms to bring an elevated body temperature down to the normal level include: A) general cutaneous vasodilation. B) generalized shivering. C) increased heart rate. D) increased metabolic rate. A Replacement of damaged tissue by similar functional cells is termed: A) fibrosis. B) regeneration. C) resolution. D) repair by scar tissue. B Scar tissue consists primarily of: A) granulation tissue. B) epithelial cells. C) collagen fibers. D) new capillaries and smooth muscle fibers. C Which of the following promotes rapid healing? A) Closely approximated edges of a wound B) Presence of foreign material C) Exposure to radiation D) Vasoconstriction in the involved area A During an inflammatory response, hyperemia is caused by: A) increased blood flow in the area. B) increased capillary permeability. C) irritation of sensory nerve endings by histamine. D) increased leukocytes in the area. A Purulent exudates usually contain: A) small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water. B) red blood cells & all types of white blood cells. C) numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris. D) large amounts of water containing a few cells. C Isoenzymes in the circulating blood: A) are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood. B) often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response. C) are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory response. D) are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever. B A serous exudate is best described as a: A) thin, watery, colorless exudate. B) thick, sticky, cloudy secretion. C) thick, greenish material containing microbes. D) brownish, clotted material. A Systemic manifestations of an inflammatory response include: A) edema and erythema. B) area of necrosis and loss of function. C) pain and tenderness. D) fever and malaise. D