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Samenvatting Microbiologie BM4

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Dit is mijn samenvatting voor microbiologie course 4 leerjaar 1.

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Microbiologie Course 4
Micro-organismen:
 Microbiële cellen
-metabolisme
-groei
-evolutie

-differentiatie
-communicatie
-genetische uitwisseling
-beweeglijkheid




Oorsprong van cellulair leven

,Fylogenetische boom
-gebaseerd op DNA sequenties van het gen
-coderend voor ribosomaal RNA (rRNA)
*LUCA= last universal common ancestor

Prokaryote vs eukaryote cel




Prokaryoten
 Bacteria en archea
 Organellen zijn afwezig
 Circulair DNA
 1 chromosoom

-geen kernmembraan
-transcriptie en translatie in cytoplasma
-cytoplasmamembraan: energie
- 1 – 5 micrometer

Archea (prokaryoten)
 Meer verwant aan eukarya
 Extremofielen
-thermofielen
-halofielen
-acidofielen
 Methanogenen: productie van methaan

,Eukaryote micro-organismen:

 Protisten
 Roden en groene algen
 Schimmels en gisten (fungi)


Virussen:
 Micro-organismen
 0bligaat intracellulaire parasieten
 Infecteren zowel prokaryoten als
eukaryoten
 Afwezig in de fylogentische
boom (tree of life)




Morfologie van bacteriën:




Cell grootte:
 E.coli 1x 2 micrometer
 Eukaryote cellen: 8 tot > 600 micrometer
 Voordeel van klein zijn:
-oppervlakte: volume ratio
-groeisnelheid
-mutaties/evolutie

, Uitzonderingen
 Epulopiscium fishelsoni
-staafvormig, lengte 600 micrometer
 Thiomargarita namibiensis
-tot 750 micrometer in diameter: zichtbaar met blote oog!
 Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-diameter 0,2 micrometer
 Nanobacteriën
-diameter 0,1 micrometer
-pathogeen

De bacterie cel
 Cytoplasma
 Ribosomen
 DNA (nucleoid)
 Cytoplasma membraan
 Celwand
 Kapsel
 Pilli/ fimbriae
 Luchtblaasjes en opslag (granules)
 Endosporen
 Flagella

Cytoplasma
 Macromoleculen, kleine organische moleculen, anorganische ionen:
-zouten, suikers, aminozuren, nucleotiden, etc.
 Ribosomen, nucleoid, granules/insluitsels, luchtblaasjes, endosporen
 Geen organellen

Ribosomen
 Eiwitten en ribosomaal RNA (rRNA)
 Small ribosome subunit + large ribosome subunit
 Translatie van mRNA  eiwitten




DNA

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Uploaded on
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Number of pages
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Written in
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Type
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