TCC Exam 1 Top Pool Questions and answers. 100% Accurate, rated A

TCC Exam 1 Top Pool Questions and answers. 100% Accurate, rated A Which of the following is an important legacy left by Alfred Binet's work on intelligence testing? - -a focus on linking intelligence with academic success In the ______________, an orally administered test, young children may be asked questions about their everyday activities or asked to copy complex figures. - -Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Which of the following is an advantage of group-administered tests over individually administered tests? - -They are more efficient and less expensive to administer A test is considered to have ______________ when it produces consistent results each time it is administered. - -reliability When it comes to intelligence, some people say there is no substitute for experience. Which concept reflects this perspective? - -crystallized intelligence One advantage of measures of information processing in infants, such as speed of processing and visual recognition memory, over developmental measures is that information processing assessments - -are better predictors of future IQ scores An assessment of a student's knowledge of the Spanish language is an example of a(n) ______________ test. - -achievement A language arts test that uses examples of bus and subway schedules to measure reading comprehension is likely to favor members of which group? - -students from urban communities Schaie's study of intelligence in older people found that, in general, as people age - -crystallized intelligence remains steady. One problem with using cross-sectional studies to investigate intelligence across different ages is that results may be skewed by - -Cohort Effects According to the principles of ______________, children with special needs are taught in the regular classroom except in cases where their exceptionality would affect their learning - -mainstreaming With appropriate training, people with mild intellectual disability - -can function independently and hold jobs The largest group of people with intellectual disabilities have ______________ disabilities. - -mild Research on giftedness has found that gifted people tend to be ______________ than their non-gifted peers. - -healthier Shawna's gifted and talented program permits her to move through the curriculum at her own pace and even to skip a grade, if she shows the ability to do so. Her program uses the ______________ approach. - -acceleration One characteristic of Alfred Binet's classic work on intelligence testing that has survived to the present day is - -a pragmatic rather than theoretical approach to measuring intelligence. The ______________ is a particularly flexible intelligence test that permits the administrator to paraphrase questions, translate them into the child's first language, and use gestures to help children understand the test. - -Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Compared with group-administered tests, individually administered tests tend to be more - -engaging and motivational for examinees. Disparities in the IQ test performance of groups of examinees based on anything other than intelligence are chiefly examples of - -cultural bias According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, the ______________ component accounts for the demands of everyday, real-world environments. - -Contextual The ______________, created by Arnold Gesell, provides a summary of an infant's overall competence in comparison to others of a similar age. - -developmental quotient ______________ is the ability to identify a stimulus previously experienced through one sense by using another sense. - -Cross-modal transference An assessment of a student's likelihood of academic success in college, such as the SAT, is an example of a(n) ______________ test. - -aptitude A mathematics test that uses questions with contexts from the realm of banking and the stock market is likely to favor members of which group? - -students from affluent families The process by which older people focus on particular areas of strength to compensate for declines in other areas is called ____________. - -selective optimization When applied to children with special needs, the term least restrictive environment refers to - -the educational setting most similar to that of children without special needs. According to professional classifications, an intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and - -adaptive behavior People with IQ scores between 55 and 70 are classified as having ______________ intellectual disability. - -mild As defined by the government, the term gifted includes people demonstrating high performance in which areas? - -artistic, creative, and intellectual In Jeremy's gifted and talented program, he must remain at grade level but attends special programs and uses individualized activities to match his abilities. His program uses the ______________ approach. - -enrichment The basic sounds of language that can be combined to produce words and sentences are called ___________. - -phonemes ___________ is a universal phenomenon in which infants spontaneously produce all of the sounds from every language. - -babbling One-word utterances, called _____________, stand for a whole phrase and derive their meaning from the context in which they are used. - -holophrases ______________, in which new words are associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter, is responsible for the 14,000-word vocabulary of the average six-year-old. - -fast mapping In middle childhood, the use of both _________ and _________ increases. - -passive voice, conditional sentences A mother who rewards a child for making a sound that approximates ma is an example of which perspective on language acquisition? - -learning theory approach The ______________ approach to language acquisition posits that children are born with the innate capacity to use language, which emerges as they mature. - -nativist That the course of language development depends on the language to which a child has been exposed and the reinforcement the child receives for using language in a specific way is a key feature of the __________________ on language acquisition. - -interactionist perspective The ___________________ hypothesis suggests that language provides categories that help children construct perceptions of people and events in their surroundings. - -linguistic-relativity Vygotsky believed that by age 2, the development of thought and language have become ____________. - -interdependent The use of rising pitch, singsong intonation, repetitive sounds, and short, simple sentences are all characteristics of ____________. - -infant-directed speech Affluent parents spend significantly more time ___________ their children than do parents who live in poverty. - -interacting with It is estimated that by age 4, children from poorer families have been exposed to some __________ fewer words than children of affluent families. - -13 million Disadvantages faced by children who lack English language skills include - -slow academic progress and solation from other children ______________, an approach to educating students whose first language is not English, initially teaches the curriculum in the student's native language while the child is learning English. - -bilingual education __________ are the rules that govern the meaning of words and sentences. - -Semantics When two-year-old Helena says, "My socks on," rather than "I put on my socks," she is using _____________. - -telegraphic speech In the months spanning their third birthday, the number of ways children combine words and phrases to form sentences, known as ________, doubles each month. - -syntax ___________ is the aspect of language relating to communicating effectively and appropriately with other. - -Pragmatics Children's understanding of their own use of language, referred to as _____________, is one of the most significant developments in middle childhood. - -metalinguistic awareness The _______________ approach to language acquisition follows the basic laws of reinforcement and conditioning. - -learning theory Chomsky's analysis suggests that all the world's languages share a similar underlying structure he calls - -universal grammar According to the __________________ , language development comes about through a combination of genetically determined predispositions and environmental circumstances. - -interactionist perspective The proposition that language shapes and may even determine the ways people in a particular culture perceive and understand the world is known as the - -linguistic-relativity hypothesis. Unlike Whorf, Piaget believed that - -thinking shapes language Infant-directed speech is - -basically similar across cultures In infant-directed speech, parents tend to use twice as many _____________ with their daughters than with their sons. - -diminuitives The greater the ____________ children have been exposed to, the better they perform on a variety of measures of intellectual achievement at age three. - -number and variety of words __________ is the educational approach that teaches English language learners solely in English. - -immersion Bilingual speakers show _______________ than students who speak only one language. - -greater cognitive flexibility and metalinguistic awareness ______________ approaches to cognitive development seek to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information. - -information processing The three basic aspects of information processing are encoding, storage, and __________. - -retrieval The enduring structures of information processing that remain constant over the course of development are known as ______________. - -cognitive architecture According to the three-system model, the ______________ is the initial process by which information is very briefly held before further processing. - -sensory store The key difference between information processing and Piagetian approaches is that information processing approaches focus on _________