COM 316 Exam 1 Study Guide with verified answers rated A+

COM 316 Exam 1 Study Guide with verified answers rated A+Empirical/ Positivist Approach - Scientific/ Objective - Belief that what is truth is waiting for us to discover it - There is ONE truth - Can be tested scientifically and get the same result - Predicts the future Interpretive Approach - Many different truths - Open to interpretation - Subjective Critical Approach - Understanding why/ how something happened - Focused on the power dynamic - The most important thing to do is change the world - Questioning approach Sex - The innate biological characteristics of an individual based on genitalia, chromosomes, and hormones - Female, Male, Intersex (born with ambiguous sex traits), Transsexual Patriarchy a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it Variance in Sex - X, XX (female), XXY, XY (male), XYY, XXXY Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory theory of personality development, which argued that personality is formed through conflicts among three fundamental structures of the human mind: the id, ego, and superego Mothering Theory - Sameness (connection) with daughters and differences with sons - Re-creates: what the daughters should be like when they become mothers and the expectations for women-as-mothers in sons - PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH Gender - A psychologically, culturally, and often politically constructed term - Learned concept - Varies from culture to culture -Its meaning changes over time - A "3rd Gender" - Femininities, Masculinities, and Androgynies Gender Presentation - Reflects the way that individuals communicate their gender to others - Presentation (or performance) of gender involves verbal and nonverbal communication Gender Role - Social role that accompanies culturally constructed expectations of gender - Rewarded or Punished for the degree to which gender role expectations are demonstrated (Mother, Father, Brother, etc.) Gender Stereotypes - Ridgid held and over- simplified beliefs that males and females, by virtue of their sex, possess distinct traits and characteristics - Essentializing: a certain gender CAN do something Gender Performativity *Judith Butler - Gender isn't something that we have, it's what we do - Gender is like a script that you play out and the script is already predetermined -You get gender identity through: *Daily enactments *Non-conscious doing *Gender presentation - Your gender is constructed through repetitive performance of gender - Performativity of gender is a stylized repetition of acts, and imitation the dominant conventions of gender (Feminist) Standpoint Theory - An important and classic study of gende