US & GA History Exemption Exam (UGA) Q&A 2023

In what year was Georgia established? - Correct answer-1732 When did settlement take place in Savannah? - Correct answer-1733 How long was Georgia in existence before there was a governor or governing body within the colony itself? - Correct answer-Two decades Who ruled Georgia in the beginning? - Correct answer-Board of Trustees Define: Board of Trustees - Correct answer-The governing body of Georgia in London England. King George signed a charter establishing the colony and creating its governing board What years is Georgia referred to as "Trustee Georgia"? - Correct answer- What were four things that were outlawed when Georgia was founded? - Correct answer-slavery, rum, lawyers, and Catholics Who was the impetus behind Georgia's founding? - Correct answer-James Edward Ogelthorpe Battle of Bloody Marsh - Correct answer-On St. Simons Island between the English and the Spanish. It was an attempt of the Spanish to invade Georgia Who from Georgia signed the Declaration of Independence? - Correct answer-Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton Who from Georgia signed the US Constitution? - Correct answer-Abraham Baldwin and William Few Jr. Which state was Georgia to enter the Union when it ratified the Constitution in 1788? - Correct answer-Fourth What was the most serious military confrontation between British and American troops? - Correct answer-Siege of Savannah in 1779 Where was the capital moved to and from in 1779? - Correct answer-Savannah to Augusta Battle of Kettle Creek - Correct answer-Took place in Wilkes County Nancy Hart - Correct answer-a female patriot and spy credited with killing several Tories at her home When was the ban on slavery in Georgia lifted? - Correct answer-1752 Eli Whitney - Correct answer-inventor of the cotton gin Yazoo land fraud - Correct answer-1795, the sale of western land to four land companies after the governor and members of the General Assembly had been bribed / land companies bribed GA leaders to sell land cheaply; resulted in U.S. take-over of disputed land James Edward Ogelthorpe - Correct answer-The leader of English Parliament who founded the Georgia colony, in order to create an effective buffer from the Spanish and Spanish controlled Florida. University of Georgia - Correct answer-Founded in 1785, first university in the nation established by a state government Wesleyan College - Correct answer-Established in Macon in 1836, the first degreegranting women's college in the world Trail of Tears - Correct answer-The Cherokees forced exile from the states northewestern territory in . It became a symbol of the trauma and suffering all experienced What was Georgia referred to as by the 1860s? - Correct answer-"Empire State of the South" Which state was Georgia out of all the states to secede from the Union? - Correct answer-fifth Howell Cobb - Correct answer-in control of the Confederacy's organizing convention Thomas R. R. Cobb - Correct answer-primary author of the Confederate Constitution William T. Sherman - Correct answer-known for his military campaign "March to the Sea" in which he marched from Atlanta to Savannah for his final siege. His troops burned barns and houses, and destroyed the countryside. His march showed a shift in the belief that only military targets should be destroyed. Civilian centers could also be targets Reconstruction - Correct answer-the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union Freedmen's Bureau - Correct answer-established by Congress to aid African Americans undergoing the transition from slavery to freedom in the aftermath of the Civil War Klu Klux Klan - Correct answer-Terrorist organization devoted to racial inequality, suffering and evil, established 1868 Governor James Jackson - Correct answer-Overturned the Yazoo Act; elected to First Congress; lost reelection Joseph Brown - Correct answer-Governor from Georgia who tried at times to keep his own troops apart from the Confederate forces and insisted on hoarding surplus supplies for his own state's militias. He believed that his state had seceded so that it didn't have to follow the dictates of a central government. Milledgeville - Correct answer-Georgia's fourth capital and seat of the state government during the Civil War Henry L. Benning - Correct answer-A jurist who became associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia in the 1850s. He then became a vocal advocate for secession and earned the rank of brigadier general during the Civil War Robert Toombs - Correct answer-A senator and extremist from Georgia who said that the South would never let the federal government be controlled by the Republican party and threatened secession. Rufus Bullock - Correct answer-He served as the Governor of Georgia from 1868 to 1871 during Reconstruction and was the first Republican governor of Georgia. After various allegations of scandal, in 1871 he was obliged by the Ku Klux Klan to resign the governorship. Tunis Campbell - Correct answer-Represented McIntosh County as a state senator and served as a justice of the peace.Insisted on equal representation of blacks in juries and otherwise championed their rights to the point of making himself an annoyance to the whites. Was sentenced to a year of hard labor for improper conduct. the crop-lien system - Correct answer-a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests ; guess how well this worked for farmers Populism - Correct answer-Farm-based movement of the late 1800s that arose mainly in the area from Texas to the Dakotas and grew into a joint effort between farmer and labor groups against big business and machine-based politics. The movement became a third party in the election of 1892. "New South" Crusade - Correct answer-Sought to diversify the Georgia economy; eventually led to the industrialization of the state. Jim Crow - Correct answer-The system of racial segregation in the South that was created in the late nineteenth century following the end of slavery. These laws written in the 1880s and 1890s mandated segregation in public facilities. W. E. B. Du Bois - Correct answer-American civil rights activist; wrote the Souls of Black Folk and demanded full racial equality; helped found the NAACP Rebecca Latimer Felton - Correct answer-Rebecca Latimer Felton She was a civic leader that supported women's suffrage and temperance as well as strongly disagree with the convict lease system. She was also the first woman to serve in the US Senate Leo Frank - Correct answer-Jewish factory manager in Atlanta who was convicted of murdering a female employee. A mob lynched him in his jail cell. County-unit System - Correct answer-County-unit System It gave each county or district a certain number of votes. The bigger the district, the more votes. This inacurately stated what people wanted and gave rural areas more votes, which did not represent what most people would prefer. Agricultural Adjustment Administration - Correct answer-Restricted agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying farmers to reduce crop area. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so as to effectively raise the value of crops, thereby giving farmers relative stability again. Herman Talmadge - Correct answer-GA governor; in reaction to Brown vs. BOE he declared that GA will 'not tolerate the mixing of races in public schools or any other tax supported instutions." Forcibly took over the Governor's mansion until it was officially announced he had lost the election. Martin Luther King, Jr. - Correct answer-U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize Winner(1964) 1996 Olympic Games - Correct answer-Put georgia on a national stage, and made Atlanta a world known city. Thirteenth Amendment - Correct answer-officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude; 1864 Fourteenth Amendment - Correct answer-overruled Dred Scott(1857) granting blacks citizenship ; reinforced due process and equal rights; 1868 Fifteenth Amendment - Correct answer-explicitly grants right of citizens to vote regardless of race, color or having been enslaved (!) ; 1870 Ben Epps - Correct answer-father of aviation in the state Charles Lindbergh - Correct answer-acclaimed aviator William B. Hartsfield - Correct answer-established Hartsfield Airport, also later became mayor of Atlanta Brown vs. Board of Education - Correct answer-ruled that the "separate but equal" laws were unconstitutional Why did colonists come to the new world? - Correct answer-religious freedom, profit, adventure and more Iroquois League - Correct answer-... indentured servant - Correct answer-A poor person obligated to a fixed term of labor. "...it depended for labor in its early years mainly on white indentured servants.... Hernan Cortes - Correct answer-spanish conquerer Jamestown - Correct answer-settled and named after king James The Stono Rebellion - Correct answer-a band of slaves marching proclaiming Liberty in 1739. they marched over ten miles and killed between 20-25 whites William Penn - Correct answer-early Quaker who founded Pennsylvnia The Great Awakening - Correct answer-evangelical and revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America (esp American colonies) leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism Mercantilism - Correct answer-economic theory and practice common in Europe from 16th to 18th century that promoted governmental regulation of a nations economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers Thomas Paine - Correct answer-English-American political activist, author, political theorist and revolutionary. Wrote Common Sense that advocated for colonial Americas independence from Great Britain Alexander Hamilton - Correct answer-founding Father of the US, cheif staff to General Washington and one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the Constitution, the founder of the nations financial system and the founder of the first american political party