HSAN DCF EXAM LATEST UPDATED GRADED A+

The process of destroying or reducing organisms to a safe level; including properly cleaned equipment and surfaces, such as sinks and sleep mats. - ANSWER-sanitize The processes by which a person, animal, or plant takes in and utilizes food substances. - ANSWER-nutrition A desire to eat. - ANSWER-appetite A surface that is resistant to water, chemicals, and other fluids. These surfaces are required in areas such as changing stations, playpens, cots, and sleeping mats. - ANSWER-impermeable surface A product that protects an individual from contracting an infectious disease by stimulating their immune system. - ANSWER-vaccine Disease that can be spread from one person to another. - ANSWER-communicable disease The total well-being of a person—including the physical, mental, and social self—in the absence of disease or other abnormal conditions. - ANSWER-health To kill germs on surfaces or objects by using chemicals. This process does not necessarily clean dirty surfaces or remove all germs, but by killing germs on a surface after cleaning, it can further lower the risk of spreading infection. - ANSWER-disinfect Procedures for getting children and staff out of a building; applied during fire drills and other emergency situations. - ANSWER-evacuation plan The process of administering a vaccine to make an individual protected from contracting an infectious disease. - ANSWER-immunization A designated area for a child who becomes ill at the facility, which must be away from the other, healthy children. - ANSWER-isolation area To remove dirt, debris, and germs by scrubbing and washing with soap (or detergent) and water. The process does not necessarily kill germs, but lowers the risk of spreading infection. - ANSWER-clean Things in the environment that can be identified as dangerous to one's health and welfare. - ANSWER-safety hazards appetite - ANSWER-Can eat an appropriate amount of food at meal times Will consume a variety of foods Is interested in eating Appears content after meals and snacks appearance - ANSWER-Has clear, bright eyes Has clear skin Has age-appropriate muscles Gains steadily in height and body weight activity - ANSWER-Has plenty of energy (not hyperactive) Is alert Sleeps soundly Has few aches and pains emotionally healthy - ANSWER-happy, cheerful feelings. socially healthy - ANSWER-friendly most of the time, interacts with other children, and enjoys quiet activities that require concentration mentally healthy - ANSWER-is interested in new experiences, and is usually confident and adaptable. special needs - ANSWER-refers to children who have medical, physical, emotional, or behavioral conditions that delay or affect development daily health checks - ANSWER-good way of preventing, identifying, and controlling illness in a child care environment. By visually inspecting or questioning a child about his or her health on a daily basis, you help ensure that your program is as disease-free as possible. The signs to observe in a daily health check fit into two categories: - ANSWER-Behavior General mood (unusually quiet, irritable, drowsy, or restless) Unusual behavior Activity level Breathing difficulties (labored) Severe coughing or sneezing Hoarseness Physical Skin color (flushed or pale, dry or clammy, hot) Unusual spots, rashes Swelling or bruises Sores Discharge from nose, ears, eyes Eyes red, irritated, sensitive to light You should take a child's temperature when the child is displaying symptoms such as: - ANSWER-Warm or hot to the touch Sweating more than usual Flushed appearance Sleepiness Unusual breathing Poor appetite May be more thirsty than usual We know a child has a fever by taking the child's temperature - ANSWER-under the arm and getting a reading of 100F or under the tongue and getting a reading of 101F. The use of mercury thermometers is not recommended. If you use a mercury thermometer and break it, call - ANSWER-Poison Control: Responding to an Illness - ANSWER-Watch the child closely, apply first aid/CPR as needed, and be ready to discuss your observations with parents and/or paramedics. Your observations should be documented. Isolate the child until parents and/or paramedics arrive. Call the parents, and if necessary, suggest to the parents that the child needs medical attention. Call 9-1-1. dehydration - ANSWER-Dry to very dry mouth Little or no tears when crying Less active than usual, or very fussy Infant will wet less than six diapers a day; a child will make fewer trips to the restroom than he/she normally does Eyes will appear to be sunken Hands and feet will be cool and blotchy Pulse may seem weak and fast Child will not urinate for hours The steps to prevent dehydration are dependent on the child's symptoms, and can include: - ANSWER-For mild diarrhea, do not give milk; it has a high concentration of minerals and salt, which could be dangerous to a child with diarrhea. For vomiting, stop giving solid food, and give water at thirty- to sixty-minute intervals. For both diarrhea and vomiting, stop the child's normal diet and discuss with parents. Do not give a child sports drinks or any other similar drinks made for adults. heat exhuastion - ANSWER-can occur when someone is exposed to high temperatures and strenuous physical activity. Without prompt treatment, ----- can lead to heat stroke, which is life threatening. Symptoms may include excessive sweating and a rapid pulse rate. Other symptoms include: cool, moist skin, dizziness, faintness, muscle cramps, headache, and nausea. Steps to treating heat exhaustion: - ANSWER-The child's emergency contact should be notified. Lay the person down in a cool and quiet place, with feet raised a little bit. Loosen any tight clothing. Supply water or sports drinks to drink. Use other cooling measures, such as towels soaked in cool water as compresses. If signs of symptoms worsen or do not improve within an hour, seek medical attention. Seek immediate medical attention if the person's body temperature reaches 104 degrees or higher. heat stroke - ANSWER-occurs because of prolonged exposure to very hot conditions. The mechanism in the brain that regulates body temperature stops functioning, and the body's temperature rapidly rises to 104oF. The person becomes flushed, with hot, dry skin and a strong, rapid pulse. He or she quickly becomes confused or unconscious. Bacteria - ANSWER-are small organisms seen with an ordinary microscope. They can cause strep throat, impetigo, pink eye, and some types of pneumonia. Antibiotics are used to help stop their growth. Viruses - ANSWER-are smaller than bacteria and only grow in living cells. They can cause colds, chickenpox, measles, German measles and mumps. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Rest is the best action because the body fights better when rested. Vaccines against certain viruses are available. Fungi - ANSWER-grow best in warm, moist places. It can cause athlete's foot and ringworm. Effective medication is available and works best when conditions favorable to fungal growth are removed. Parasites - ANSWER-are organisms that live on or in animals and people, and benefit by deriving nutrients at the expense of the host. Some common examples include pinworms, roundworms, and head lice. There are effective medications available for most types of parasites. four ways illnesses and diseases are transmitted - ANSWER-1 respiratory system 2 bowel movements 3 direct contact 4 blood borne illness respiratory system transmission - ANSWER-entering through the nose and throat and transmitted through nasal or throat discharges. Some examples of illnesses that are transmitted this way are the common cold, flu, strep throat, and chicken pox. bowe movement transmission - ANSWER-and contact with soiled hands or objects in the mouth. Examples of illnesses that are transmitted this way are salmonella and hepatitis A. direct contact transmission - ANSWER-with an infected area or infested body area can transmit diseases such as impetigo, ringworm, head lice, or scabies. blood-borne illness - ANSWER-These can be transmitted through contact with blood. HIV/AIDS and hepatitis b/c chicken pox - ANSWER-` pink eye - ANSWER- common cold - ANSWER- head lice - ANSWER- ringworm - ANSWER- Haemophilus Influenzae type B, or Hib - ANSWER-an infection that can lead to other conditions, which can cause secondary infections in many areas of the body, including meningitis, which is a nervous system disease that causes inflammation of the brain and spinal cord covering; pneumonia, an inflammation of the lungs; or an epiglottis infection, which can cause a child to choke to death. caused by a germ that spreads through coughing and sneezing. One in four children who develop meningitis due to Hib suffers from mental retardation, permanent hearing damage, or death Hepatitis B - ANSWER-an infection of the liver. It is vaccine-preventable with three doses. The first two doses of hepatitis B vaccine are usually given during the first three months of life, and the last dose between six and fifteen months. commonly spread from mother to infant at birth, but other methods of transmission include: intravenous drug use through contaminated needles; sexual intercourse; and the exposure of open wounds or mucous membranes to contaminated blood. Symptoms include fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain