Human Nutrition Final Exam Study Guide (Valparaiso University 2022)

Human Nutrition Final Exam Study Guide (Valparaiso University 2022) During pregnancy, folate requirements increase to 150% of non-pregnant needs in order to: Support increased DNA synthesis. Macromegaly refers to large baby at birth False Breast milk is low in sodium True Oxitocin stimulated milk production False What is believed to be responsible for cellular aging? Free Radical Damage The main protein in human's breast milk is: alpha-lactalbumin the chief milk carbohydrate is Lactose Snacks represents _______ of the average teenager's daily energy intake 25% vitamin B12 needs to be provided before and during the critical period of pregnancy to prevent neural tube defect False Lost of cognitive abilities is responsible for malnutrition in older adult True During pregnancy BMR increase by ~ 20% True Newborns can drink cow milk because it is rich in proteins and will help them thrive False A child who like a certain type of food because it reminds him/her happy occasions is called a positive association True half of the older adults are overweight or obese False Karen is 75 years old and has a reduced mobility, experiences fatigue when she attends her daily activities. Lab results show that she is anemic What could be a condition that increases Karen's likelihood of iron deficiency? Decrease of acid secretion or use of antacids In infant, it is important to provide sufficient carbohydrate to spare proteins True Lack of choline in toddler diet can decrease their stamina, learning abilities and lower their resistance to diseases False Children below the _____ percentile for BMI are considered underweight 5th How much does an infant's weight change between birth and 4 to 6 months? Weight doubles Sara is a middle-aged woman of Northern European descent and is quite small in stature. She eats plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and lean meats. What else could she do to live a more health-promoting lifestyle? Consume plenty of low-fat milk and dairy products Elderly can develop pernicious anemia because they do not secrete enough acid in the stomach False Choose the minerals that are needed in higher quantities during pregnancy Iron, Iodine, and Zinc The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during Adolescence Taking above 3 times the recommended vitamin A allowance is teratogenic during pregnancy True During lactation oxytocin helps milk ejection and milk production is stimulated by Prolactin Boy growth spur happens around what age? 13 Mark is 78 years old, his adequate intake for sodium is 1.3 g/d False During the growth spurt adolescent girls gain Fat and lean mass During infancy, it is important to provide sufficient carbohydrate to spare proteins True During the first trimester the calories need of the mother increase by: 0 Kcal To prevent bacterial growth, which of the following can be used? Pasteurization Chilling Nitrites Radiation Which of the following is not responsible for foodborne illnesses? Helicobacter pylori plants contain heme iron False 1- Gestational Diabetes 2- Gestational Hypertension 3- Cecum 4- Pyloric Sphyncter 5- Lactadherin 6- Decrease of iron absorbtion in elderly 7- Antioxidant 8- Niacin 9- Gastrin 1- Increase of blood glucose during pregnancy 2- increase of blood pressure during pregnancy 3- Large intestine 4- Stomach 5- Antiviral 6- Antacids 7- Vitamin E 8- Pellagra 9- Vitamin K 10-Acid secretion Which of the following vitamin does not participate in energy metabolism? Vitamin C Which of the following mineral is not present in bone? Potassium Which of the following is not true about fluoride? essential to prevent congenital hypothyroidism Which of the following is not an accessory gland of the digestive system? Thyroid gland and Adrenal gland To raise blood calcium, the body releases parathyroid hormone Define addives Substance added intentionally or accidentally Define type 2 diabetes form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance Define in one sentence type 2 osteoporosis porus trabecular and cortical bone oberserved in men and women after the age 70 In one sentence, describe what is amylase a carbohydrate digesting enzyme In a short sentence, define adequate intake nutrient intake recommendation when there is not enough scientific data to establish an RDA On a label you read "consuming vitamin D and calcium may help reducing risk of osteoporosis" This is a health claim True Intrinsic factor is required for Vitamin B6 absorption False The preservation method that involves adding bacteria to food to produce acids and alcohol to minimize growth of other microbes is called Fermentaion The greatest health risk from food today is contamination via viruses and bacteria Heme-bound iron is better absorbed than free iron True Nephrogenic diabetes is characterized by an elevated urinary output because the hypothalamus cannot produce the hormone [1], which stimulates water reabsorption. The kidneys participate in the regulation of blood pressure; the main ion associated with water movement is [2]. During low blood pressure, the kidneys sense the decrease of blood perfusion and release [3]. The enzyme cleaves [4] and in the lungs [5] converts it into its active form. To increase sodium reabsorption, the adrenal gland releases [6]. Reabsorption of sodium, causes [7] loss in the urine. 1- ADH 2- Sodium 3- Renin 4- Angiontesionogen 5- Angiotension converting enzyme 6- Aldosterone 7- Potassium NAD+ is a cofactor for enzymes True Biotin is an anti-coagulant False The daily recommendation for transfat is less than 5% False Karen's lab work shows that her level of transferrin is low, in the body it is used for: Iron Transport Bone demineralization is done by: Osteocytes Theresa goes to the supermarket to buy what she needs for the dinner with her friend Naomi. Since she had foodborne illness, Theresa is always concerned about food safety; she remembers that the CDC estimates that: 46,0000,000 people get sick per year As an appetizer, Theresa decides to have salami and sees that ________ is added as preservative and antimicrobial Nitrite On the other hand, for dairy products the method to prevent bacteria growth is called Fermentation At home, Theresa decides to be done with diner before Naomi arrives and prepares the main dish, shoyu chicken, and keep it at _________ while waiting for Naomi to arrive 140 F In one or two sentences describe the four cores to prevent foodborne illnesses at home (FightBac)