NTR 351 Research Nutrition Final Exam Spring 2022

NTR 351 - Spring 2022 - Research Nutrition Final Exam The systematic process used in much research is referred to as the: scientific method Research has always been done to answer questions. In this way it extends knowledge A master's degree student has chosen to use data from the NHANES (National Health And Nutrition Examination Surveys) from the years . What type of research study is this? retrospective Another master's degree student desires to study pre-school obesity in low-income families. She will take height and weight measurements of Head Start children who enter as three-year-old's and collect data every 6 months until they leave the program at age 5. What type of research study is this? prospective A study compared the effects of regular-fat cheese or an equal amount of reduced-fat cheese on LDL cholesterol levels. What is the dependent variable? LDL level A study recruited participants for an Internet-delivered weight-loss program to see if the program produced behavior change and weight loss. What is the independent variable? weight-loss program A cohort study of U.S. adults looked at how lifestyle factors, such as smoking and physical activity, were related to whether someone got certain cancers. What was/were the dependent variable? certain cancers Researchers plan to collect data for their study on nutrition and diabetes on a particular day at a clinic in March. What type of study is it? cross-sectional In a _____________ study, participants are observed and measurements taken at different points in time. longitudinal Which article title would be the best example of Epidemiological research? An analysis of vitamin C intake in women in Cape Town, South Africa In an experimental study, participants are placed into the intervention or the _____________________ group. control Factors, other than the variables being studied, that might influence the outcome of a study are referred to as: extraneous variables A study titled "Influence of Fruit Consumption on Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Southeast Asia" is an example of which type of research? original research Which type of research general reports results as "codes" or themes? qualitative Which type of research prefers to use a random sample and large numbers of participants? quantitative Which type of research does not have a hypothesis to start? qualitative A study entitled "Active Transport of Sodium and Potassium Ions - Mechanism and Regulation" would be considered an example of: bench research After a hospital foodservice director implemented a new cafeteria menu for employees, she surveys employees about the menu and then compared the results to surveys done before the men changed. This type of study would be considered ___________________ a quality improvement study In an experimental study looking at the effects of weight loss drug on weight loss, which is the independent variable? the drug used _____________ test new treatments, drugs, or medical devices that have never been researched before and often need to solicit volunteers or paid people to participate. Clinical trials Which type of research tries to speed up the process of getting the research from the researcher's bench to the hospital patient and to the community? translational research Today's Dietitian is an example of: trade publication Ladies Home Journal, Shape, and Runners World are examples of: magazines The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is an example of a: scholarly journal In a ____________________, articles are written by researchers and the audience includes researchers, clinicians, professors, and students in a specific field. scholarly journal Before being published, and to ensure that an author's journal submission is accurate, conducted correctly, and advances the knowledge base, it must go through a __________________ process. peer review A scholarly journal's Impact Factor relates to: the frequency with which its articles are cited An article about increasing fruit and vegetables intake among children through gardening-based interventions was a meta-analysis of 23 similar articles. Which type of article would it be? systematic review Compilations of abstracts and papers presented at a professional meeting are part of the gray literature referred to as: conference proceedings Books are considered: gray literature The abuses of research participants during World War II led to the development of ten principles for ethical biomedical research known as the: Nuremberg Code Researchers are required to develop their research to minimize any harm to patients. This is an example of which ethical principle? beneficence In a study, the subjects were allowed to withdraw at any time. This is an example of which ethical principle? respect for persons In a study, the subjects were fairly treated by being randomly selected and assigned to the experimental or control group. This is an example of which ethical principle? justice Responsible Conduct of Research involves using ethics principles and professional norms in: being honest with your data, collaborating with other scientists, and all activities related to scientific research A conflict of commitment would happen if a researcher: spent only half the number of hours on research project that was written into the grant Which of the following is an example of a personal conflict of interest? gave a friend's poorly designed study an excellent review to the journal editor Changing or omitting data or results and reporting them as actual data is referred to as: fabrication Vulnerable populations include: Vulnerable populations include: people with mental disability The main purpose of IRBs is to: protect human subjects What type of institutional review would a study require if the study involved weighing, measuring, and using skin-fold calipers to assess body fat %? expedited What type of institutional review would a study require if the study involve examining the effects of a new drug on serum cholesterol and LDL levels? full board What type of institutional review would a study require if the study were a 10 question survey on the attitudes toward football injuries? exempt What type of institutional review would a study require if the study were asking for a taste preference of brownies made with black beans versus conventional brownies? exempt What type of institutional review would a study require if it made video and voice recordings? expedited A research study surveys all students in three different sections of Becoming a Scholar class in 2020 in order to find out the amount of time spent reading and studying the textbook. This is an example of a : Quasi-experimental study Research done at a WIC clinic randomly surveyed every 5th client in the month of January and February on where they spent their WIC coupons and what foods were most popular. This is an example of: Experimental Study Normal distribution data will have a curve that is: bell-shaped Models use ______________ to help explain a particular problem in a certain construct. graphic representation Which of the following would not be a common extraneous variable in a nutrition study on heart disease? amount of dietary sodium intake Which of the following appropriately describes this hypothesis: We hypothesized that parent's feeding strategies aimed at increasing a child's familiarity with a "new" food would result in a higher frequency o the child consuming that "new" food. research hypothesis A hypothesis stating that a relationship exists but not predicting the exact nature of the relationship is referred to as _________________ hypothesis associative The hypothesis stating that no relationships exist among the variables being studied is the: null hypothesis A hypothesis that predicts the relationship among 3 or more variables is known as a: complex hypothesis Evaluate the hypothesis for its direction: Low-income women who participated in educational grocery store tours will decrease their purchase of low-nutrient snack foods. directional Evaluate this hypothesis: Low-income women who participated in educational grocery store tours will decrease their purchase of low-nutrient snack foods causal hypothesis Evaluate this hypothesis: Weight loss program participants who use mobile apps to monitor food and exercise activity are more likely to lose weight than participants not using the mobile apps associative hypothesis Evaluate this hypothesis: Students who receive custom-ordered take-out choices at the "grab-and-go" station will be satisfied with their meal plans causal hypothesis