STR Practice Study Guide updated last 2023 to pass

STR Practice Study Guide updated last 2023 to passCode/Phonics -based approach refers to the alphabet . - Focus on alphabet letters, letter groups and distinct speech sounds. - Emphasize learning and combining speech sound units that make up words and applying them to sounding out unfamiliar words meaning based approach involves asking a child to read a passage of text that is leveled appropriately for the child, and then asking some explicit, detailed questions about the content of the text (often these are called IRIs). pseudo word assessments This assesses students' ability to read unfamiliar, multi-syllabic words, count the correct number of syllables in each word, and identify the vowel spelling patterns in each syllable. morphemic analysis skills When a student comes across a new word and breaks it down into segments in order to assess the meaning to certain parts and thus come to a more reasonable definition then just guessing key assessment concepts validity, reliability, equity in testing Phonemic awareness Refers to the specific ability to focus on and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. For example, the word 'mat': /m/ /a/ /t/. phoneme Smallest unit of speech distinguishing one word (or word element) from another, as the element p in "tap," which separates that word from "tab," "tag," and "tan." Phonological awareness A meta-cognitive skill (i.e., an awareness/ability to think about one's own thinking) for the sound structures of language. Allows one to attend to, discriminate, remember, and manipulate sounds at the sentence, word, syllable, and phoneme (sound) level. Phonics A method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system. A way of teaching children how to read and write. For example, when a child is taught the sounds for the letters t, p, a and s, they can start to build up the words: "tap", "taps", "pat", "pats" and "sat". Word identification skills. reciprocity Something that can be learned from culture, upbringing, experience or influence, or maybe they're just something you're born knowing. Decoding Involves translating printed words to sounds or reading Encoding Using individual sounds to build and write words. Orthographic knowledge Refers to the information that is stored in memory that tells us how to represent spoken language in written form. alphabetic principle The understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds. prosody the expressiveness with which a student reads adage A saying or proverb expressing a general truth or philosophical belief etymology The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history quantitative dimensions Relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality qualitative dimensions involving quality or kind antonym a word that means the opposite of another word visual cueing onverbal communication tool that conveys messages to an audience through body movements, hand gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, posture, and interpersonal distance. ex: teacher cups ears and asks the students to listen carefully Phoneme blending is the process of smoothly blending phonemes to form words. /M/ /a/ /n/ blends together to make the word man. Phoneme segmentation is the process of isolating individual phonemes within a word. Phoneme segmentation Consider the word bat. The first sound is /b/, the second sound is /a/, and the last sound is /t/. Phoneme segmentation is particularly important for spelling unknown words when students begin writing. Students need to be able to break the word into phonemes and write the letter(s) that represents each phoneme. Phoneme manipulation refers to adding, deleting, or substituting phonemes in words. If I add /s/ to the end of tap, I have taps. If I delete the /h/ in ham, I have am. If I substitute the /b/ in bag with /r/, I have rag. Onset-rime blending combining the initial consonant or consonant cluster (the onset) with the vowel and consonant sounds that come after it (the rime). The onset /sh/ and rime /irt/ combine to make the word shirt. Onset-rime segmentation is separating the initial consonant or consonant cluster (the onset) from the vowel and consonant sounds that come after it (the rime). Shirt can be segmenting into its onset /sh/ and rime /irt/. Semantic Cues This is generally information about the world around them: culture, geography, animals, the environment, anything that a person can know about. The extent of a student's vocabulary is also part of semantic cues in that the more words a person knows, the more information they have to pull from when faced with a new word or trying to describe a concept. In writing, the more a person knows, the bigger the well of information and ideas they have to choose from when writing. The bigger their vocabulary, the more interesting they will be able to make their writing by using many different words.