PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE

 Drugs that PRODUCE a response? o Agonist  Drugs that PREVENT a response? o Antagonist  Therapeutic WINDOW is what? o Level of the drug between minimal effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug response and the minimal toxic concentration  The time it takes for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated from the body is called? o Half life  What is a patient on two highly protein bound drugs at risk for o Accumulation and toxicity o A decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy which may lead to the need to increase dosages to attain the same effect tolerance  What is it called for drugs to share many common features o Classification or class  What makes drugs fit into the same “class” o Related by chemical structure o Work in the same way o Used for the same purpose  Another name for antagonist? o Adrenergic blocker  Who do you not give antagonist or adrenergic blocker to? o Asthma client  Beta blockers commonly seen in what clients? o Hypertension  Antagonist suffix o LOL  Antagonist S/S o Decreased HR o Rest and digest o Bronchospasm  Agonist S/S o Increased HR, Fight or flight, Vasoconstriction, Increase blood sugar  Before administering antagonist what do you check o HR and BP  Cholinergic o Salivate, Lacrimation, Urinate, Defecate, Decreased weight  Anticholinergic o Can’t see, pee, spit, poop, and increase HR  What type of drug is Reglan? o Cholinergic  How do you treat cholinergic crisis o Atropine  Cholinergic crisis S/S o Flushing, sweating, nausea, ab cramping  Anticholinergic drugs are contraindicated in who? o Coronary artery disease (increase HR) o GI obstruction (constipation) o Supraventricular tachycardia (increase HR)  CNS stimulant drugs are contraindicated in who? o Coronary artery disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack) o Hypertension (additive hypertension=stroke)  Hemorrhagic stroke o Increase BP o Increase HR o Increased RR o Unresponsive to deep pain  Anorexiants can lead to what? o 16x greater risk for stroke  Most common side effects of Ritalin o Irritability o Insomnia  Weight loss  Decrease appetite  Benzodiazepines increase activity to what neurotransmitter (PAM & LAM) o GABA  Reversal to benzodiazepines o Flumazenil  Ambien side effects o Sedative/hypnotic o Suicidal ideation o Dependence o Abnormal behavior  Drug choice for treating status epilepticus o Diazepam’s  Dilantin can do what? o Cause gum disease o Treat seizures o Cause high BP o Cause birth defects o Decrease effectiveness of anticoagulants