AP Human Geography Chapter. 1 Vocab Exam Graded A+

Cartography - ANSWER-The science of mapmaking Map scale - ANSWER-A scale referring to the relationship of a feature's size on a map to its actual size on Earth; there are 3 types of scales: written, graph, ratio/fraction. Projection - ANSWER-The scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map Meridian - ANSWER-An arc drawn from the North to the South poles Longitude - ANSWER-Numbering system to help identify the location of each meridian on Earth's surface. Prime Meridian - ANSWER-The meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwhich, England is 0⁰. Parallel - ANSWER-A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians. Latitude - ANSWER-The numbering system to identify the location of the parallel Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) - ANSWER-Also called Universal Time, is the master reference for all times on Earth International Date Line - ANSWER-When you move the clock back 24 hours if heading East to America or turn it ahead 24 hours if heading West to Asia Geographic Information Science (GIScience) - ANSWER-The development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies Remote sensing - ANSWER-The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods Global Positioning System (GPS) - ANSWER-The system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth. It includes 3 elements: satellites placed in predetermined orbit, tracking stations to monitor and control the satellites, and a receiver to pin-point the location, and figure out distances between satellites Geographic Information System (GIS) - ANSWER-A computer system that captures, stores, queries, analyzes, and displays geographic data. Place - ANSWER-A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic Location - ANSWER-The position that something occupies on Earth's surface. Toponym - ANSWER-The name given to a place on Earth Site - ANSWER-The physical character of a place Situation - ANSWER-The location of a place relative to other places. Region - ANSWER-An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics. Cultural Landscape - ANSWER-A combination of cultural features such as language and region, economic features, and physical features Regional Studies - ANSWER-The contemporary cultural landscape approach in geography Formal Region - ANSWER-An area in within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics; sometimes called an uniform region Functional Region - ANSWER-An area organized around a node or focal point; sometimes called Nodal Regional Vernacular Region - ANSWER-Also known as Perceptual Region, an area people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. Mental Map - ANSWER-An internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface Culture - ANSWER-The body of custom beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people Scale - ANSWER-The relationship between a portion of the Earth being studied to the Earth as a whole Globalization - ANSWER-A force or process that involve the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope Housing Bubble - ANSWER-A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value Transnational Corporation - ANSWER-Conducts research, operates factories, sells products in many countries, not including the area where the headquarters and principal shareholders are located Space - ANSWER-Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects. Distribution - ANSWER-The arrangement of a feature in space Density - ANSWER-The frequency in which something occurs in space Concentration - ANSWER-Extent of a feature's spread over space Pattern - ANSWER-The geometric arrangement of objects in space Connection - ANSWER-The relationship between people and an object across the barrier of space Hearth - ANSWER-A place in which an innovation originates Diffusion - ANSWER-The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time Relocation Diffusion - ANSWER-The spread of an idea from physical movement of people from one place to another Expansion Diffusion - ANSWER-The spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process Hierarchical Diffusion - ANSWER-The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places Contagious Diffusion - ANSWER-The spread of a rapid diffusion of a characteristic through a population Stimulus Diffusion - ANSWER-The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse Distance Decay - ANSWER-The trailing off phenomenon: the father away someone is from something the less likely they are to interact as they get closer the contact diminishes with increasing distance until it eventually disappears completely Space Time Compression - ANSWER-The reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place Network - ANSWER-Chain of communication that connects places Uneven Development - ANSWER-The increasingly gap in economical conditions in between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy