LC Ready, EMT Review Plus Exam 1, Complete Solution

LC Ready, EMT Review Plus Exam 1, Complete Solution A 16-year-old male has been struck by a car. He is confused and complains of abdominal pain. His vital signs are pulse 120, respiration 30, and blood pressure 100/72. When should you conduct a detailed assessment? Only after transport has been initiated. What does a closed soft-tissue injury imply? The soft tissue has not been broken or penetrated. You respond to a 74-year-old patient with a history of COPD who complains of difficulty breathing. She has an increased respiratory rate and cyanosis around her lips. After ensuring an open airway and adequate breathing, what should you do? You should administer high-concentration oxygen via a nonrebreather mask. You are called to evaluate a two-year-old female who has fallen. When you arrive, the child begins to cry and refuses to speak to you. What does this behavior likely indicate? This behavior is expected in a two-year-old and most likely indicates a normal mental status. You are responding to a 17-year-old male complaining of lower quadrant abdominal pain. How should you properly assess his abdomen? You should palpate four quadrants and the affected area last. You respond to a severe motor vehicle crash that requires technical extrication. Rescue crews have begun readying to use power tools. A rescue team member asks you to climb in the car and hold manual cervical immobilization while they extricate the patient, but you do not have proper protective equipment. What should you do? You should tell him you cannot enter the car because you are not properly equipped. You are dispatched for a patient that has been assaulted. On arrival, you note a crowd gathered around two men fighting. One of the men has blood on his shirt. What should you do? You should stage a safe distance away and await law enforcement. A 32-year-old male presents with an altered mental status. He is babbling and speaking incoherently. His family states he has a history of psychiatric problems. After ensuring scene safety, what should you do next? You should complete a primary and secondary assessment to rule out the medical causes of altered mental status. A 31-year-old female has been found unconscious by the side of the road. Bystanders state that they do not know what happened. The patient does not appear to be breathing. After ensuring scene safety, what should you do next? You should check her carotid pulse. A 20-year-old female has been involved in a minor motor vehicle crash. She is ambulatory on arrival and complains of difficulty breathing. She is alert; her vitals are pulse 110, respiration 40, and blood pressure 122/80. Her skin is flushed. Considering her respiratory status, what should you do? You should apply a non-rebreather mask. A 15-year-old male has been stabbed in the abdomen. As you examine the patient's abdomen, you see a small loop of intestine protruding from the wound. After completing your patient assessment, what is the next thing you should do? You should initiate rapid transport. A 71-year-old female presents with a new onset of right-sided facial droop and a lethargic mental status. As you load her onto a stair chair for extrication, she exhibits snoring respirations. What should you do? You should stop movement and reposition her airway. A four-year-old sustained an accidental impact to the chest and is conscious but has respiratory distress. While performing the physical assessment, you observe bruising on the chest. When palpating the chest bilaterally, no deformity is felt. Auscultation identifies diminished sound on one side. Based on the information from the assessment, which one of the following is most likely to have occurred? Hemothorax A 26-year-old, 36-week pregnant female has been involved in a car crash. She complains of tearing, steady abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding. She is alert; her vital signs are pulse 116, respiration 24, and blood pressure 100/68. Given this presentation, what is her most likely problem? Abruptio placentae A 66-year-old male patient with a stoma is found in respiratory arrest. Which one of the following would be the most appropriate method for delivering positive pressure ventilations to this patient? Use a pediatric mask to ventilate the stoma directly. A 17-year-old male has been stabbed in the groin. He presents with bright red, spurting blood. This bleeding is most likely from a(n): Artery When should you begin multi-casualty procedures? When the demands of the event overwhelm your available resources. A 12-year-old male is having an asthma attack. He appears tired and pale. During your primary assessment, you note his respiratory rate to be 40. However, you have difficulty hearing his lung sounds. What is the most likely reason for the difficulty hearing lung sounds? There is little air moving. A 69-year-old female patient complains of difficulty speaking and an inability to move her right arm. She notes the symptoms came on about two hours ago but have since subsided. She is most likely suffering from a(n): Transient ischemic event A patient with a history of oral and laryngeal cancer had his laryngeal structures surgically removed as part of the cancer treatment. In its place, a stoma tube has been inserted into the airway on the neck. This patient's breathing is currently inadequate, as evidenced by minimal chest excursion and no basal breath sounds. Given their history and presentation, what would be the best way to assure adequate ventilation? Provide positive pressure ventilation with a pediatric mask and adult bag over the stoma opening. A 45-year-old female is complaining of trouble breathing. The patient is sitting in a tripod position and has nasal flaring, rapid breathing, accessory muscle use, and diminished alveolar breath sounds. Which one of these findings indicates more difficult breathing rather than heightened respiratory efforts due to the pulmonary problem? Diminished alveolar sounds A 59-year-old male complains of acute onset chest pain. He is alert and diaphoretic. His vitals are pulse 110, respiration 24, and blood pressure 188/80. The patient states he has a history of heart problems and takes nitroglycerin occasionally. The only other medication he takes is Viagra. What should you do? You should determine whether he has taken his Viagra before assisting with nitroglycerin. When managing a female trauma patient eight months pregnant with her second child, you elect to immobilize her on a backboard for suspected spinal injury. When preparing for transport, what important treatment consideration must you provide regarding transport on a backboard? Tilt the backboard to the left side to avoid potential hypotension. What term describes the exchange of respiratory gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillary bed? External respiration Which one of the following best describes the National Incident Management System? It is a system designed by federal, state, and local governments to prepare for and manage emergencies in the United States. You are caring for a geriatric patient who is bedridden from a prior stroke and is being cared for by their family. Upon assessment, you note that the patient has bed sores, dirty underclothes, and the bed smells of dried urine. Upon your arrival at the hospital, what should you report? You should report that the findings are suggestive of abuse. A 19-year-old patient has a traumatic brain injury and is unconscious. When laid supine, the patient stops breathing. This apnea is most likely caused by: Poor airway muscle control You and your partner are checking your ambulance prior to your shift. Which one of the following oxygen cylinder pressures would be the minimum safe residual pressure for operational use? 200 psi Which one of the following medical-legal concepts would best apply to an EMT who illegally chose to perform a paramedic-level skill? Scope of practice You are addressing a person who is angry at you because his wife was pronounced dead on the scene, and he thinks you should have started treatment and transport. You are trying to gather specific patient information from him so you can contact the appropriate authorities. During this exchange, what patient communication strategy could you possibly employ? Reflection You are called to assist another crew with lifting a heavy patient. After walking up the stairs to the patient's second-floor bedroom, you realize you do not have gloves. What should you do? You should return to the ambulance to retrieve a pair of gloves. Early signs of hypoperfusion in a pregnant female patient may be lost due to the physiological changes caused by pregnancy. Which of the following vital signs is one such example of this? Blood pressure You have been dispatched to a local college dormitory for an unresponsive male. Bystanders on the scene state he was drinking alcohol heavily, passed out, and fell to the floor. As you approach the patient, you see large amounts of vomitus on his face and around his head. What clinical findings would you observe if you suspect the patient is aspirating the vomitus? Gurgling airway sounds with each breath A 35-year-old male police officer has been shot. His bulletproof vest stopped the bullet, but he now complains of pain in his left chest beneath where the bullet was stopped. What should you suspect? You should suspect potential internal injuries from the blunt trauma. You and your partner are completing your pre-shift ambulance inspection. You notice that the driver's seat belt is not functioning. What should you do? You should take the ambulance out of service and notify maintenance. A 25-year-old male has been involved in a severe motor vehicle crash. During your assessment, you note crepitus when evaluating his pelvis. What does this finding indicate? It indicates a pelvic fracture. While ventilating a patient with a bag-valve mask, you squeeze the bag to ventilate the patient. Now that the lungs have been filled, by what process does the air (oxygen) leave the lungs before the next ventilation is provided? Passive A mother states her seven-week-old infant has not been feeding well and may have had a fever over the last four days. The baby is listless, and when you examine his head, you notice its fontanels are sunken. What does this finding most likely indicate? Hypovolemia An insulin-dependent diabetic has completed a large meal and afterward reports that he is not feeling well. He tells you he has taken his insulin regularly when you obtain the SAMPLE history. He has been extremely thirsty for the past few hours, with frequent urination. You notice that he is breathing rapidly and has breath that smells like acetone. What is this patient's most likely underlying problem? Hyperglycemia An adult patient extremely allergic to bee stings was attacked when he accidentally dislodged a beehive while cutting down a tree. He has multiple stings all over his body and currently presents with stridor, tachycardia, coarse bilateral wheezing, falling blood pressure, and unresponsiveness. Given the