HIEU 201 chapter 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 &10 quiz complete solution

  1 Paleolithic religious beliefs a. did not include belief in life after death. b. centered around the idea that human beings needed to appease the forces of nature. c. centered around the idea that forces of nature had been created to serve human beings. d. made a clear distinction between nature and the supernatural. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Neolithic Age? a. Human beings established villages. b. Human beings discovered farming. c. Human beings started using iron tools. d. Human beings domesticated animals. The first civilizations a. did not yet possess specialization of labor. b. lacked organized governments. c. developed systems for administration, cooperation, and record-keeping. d. abandoned the monumental architecture of prehistoric cultures. Sargon the Great a. conquered territories, plundered their resources, and then left to find new opportunities for conquest. b. was the leader of an important Sumerian city-state. c. contributed to the spread of Sumerian culture beyond the boundaries of Mesopotamia. d. was known for his policy of pursuing peace at any cost. The Sumerians erected their religious temples atop huge multilevel mounds called a. cuneiform. b. Nammu. c. ziggurats. d. stele. The kings in ancient Mesopotamia 2 a. were replaced by democracies governed by elders and assemblies of citizens. b. were rulers thought to have been selected by the gods to represent them on earth. c. were believed to be living gods. 3 d. were viewed as being above the law and absolute in their power. The economy of Mesopotamian cities a. depended heavily on foreign and domestic trade. b. was largely unregulated. c. was entirely self-sufficient. d. was conducted by a state bureaucracy. Which of the following describes the Egyptians' relationship with their environment? a. The lack of natural boundaries subjected Egyptians to constant invasion and change. b. Nature served as a source of security. c. The challenges of nature were designed to punish human beings. d. The unpredictability of the Nile made Egyptian life precarious. The pharaohs a. technically owned no earthly possessions. b. had little impact on the lives of peasants and workers. c. were elected by a noble class. d. communicated the gods' will to the Egyptian people. The Hittites a. rejected all aspects of foreign culture. b. were absorbed into Babylonian civilization. c. achieved no substantial technological progression. d. ruled Asia Minor and northern Syria. Which of the following is NOT true of the Persian empire? a. It was ruled by a council thought to represent the people. b. It allowed local elites a large measure of self-rule. c. It was bound together by a uniform language, Aramaic. d. It developed an effective administrative system of twenty provinces. Compared to a rational or scientific view of the world, a mythopoeic view a. sees the world of nature as an entity, like a machine, rather than a living being. b. shows little imagination or emotion in interpreting nature. c. is more logically consistent than the rational view developed by the Greeks. d. appeals primarily to the emotions rather than reason and tends to be more subjective than objective. The Age is also known as the Old Stone Age. a. Paleolithic d. Classical Which of the following civilizations rose first? a. Assyrian b. Hittite c. Phoenician d. Sumerian The Epic of Gligamesh depicts the Mesopotamians' mood of a. optimism and hope. b. pessimism and despair. c. stoicism and tranquility. d. sensuality and emotionality. In Paleolithic societies, human beings a. had not yet acquired the ability to make tools. b. were unable to communicate with one another by language. c. lived in large permanent settlements of several thousand people. d. obtained the necessities of life by gathering food and hunting. The central force in the first civilizations was a. iron technology. b. religion. c. popularly-selected governance. d. science. In Hammurabi's code of law a. women enjoyed a legal status equal to that of men. b. women and children had no legal protection. c. crimes against nobles were punished more severely than crimes against commoners. d. the king was not bound by the law, but might legally do whatever he wished to do. The religious teachings of the prophet Zoroaster a. are dualistic, asserting the existence of both a good god and an evil god. b. are a complex set of polytheistic beliefs based on magic and blood sacrifice. c. reject the need for ethics in human life. d. represent the earliest known examples of monotheistic faith. The Egyptian New Kingdom began with the war of liberation against the a. Nubians. 1 b. Hyksos. c. Babylonians. d. Assyrians. HIEU 201 chapter 2 quiz The biblical account of the Exodus identifies as leading the Hebrews out of Egypt. a. Saul b. Abraham c. David d. Moses Under the rule of David's son Solomon, a. Israel reached the height of its power and prosperity. b. old tribal patterns gained renewed strength. c. the Israelites lost Jerusalem to the Philistines. d. Jerusalem decreased in importance. The Old Testament a. depicts demigods as its heroes. b. describes the efforts of the Jews to understand the ways of God. c. explores only human weakness and cruelty. d. is a record of ancient Jewish history compiled by research historians. The Hebrews thought of Yahweh as a. a universal spirit that resided in the elements of nature, such as the earth, the moon, and the sun. b. a superhuman deity who required food, drink, sleep, and sexual gratification. c. the great creator of the universe, who had then withdrawn entirely from earthly affairs. d. fully powerful and therefore fully free. Which of the following describes the Hebrews' relationship with the natural world? a. The Hebrews demystified nature by creating theoretical science. b. Nature was divine, and natural phenomena were invested with supernatural qualities. c. Natural phenomena were the result of God's handiwork. d. God was a part of nature and was thus affected by numerous natural forces like storms. In the history of the Hebrew people, the covenant has served to a. justify the exploitation and oppression of the weakest members of society. b. emphasize the unique relationship of God to the Israelites as a chosen people that had 2 accepted God's moral code. c. emphasize the all-importance of the Hebrew nation over all other people. d. encourage the Hebrews to turn inward and take a very limited role in human affairs. The historical significance of Israelite law was that it a. demonstrated greater ethical awareness than other legal codes of the Near East. b. rejected protection of the widows, orphans, and slaves. c. embraced the idea that law should treat people differently depending on their wealth. 3 d. introduced the idea of private property as the most important concept in society. The Hebrews regarded history as a. a process leading to a goal. b. a purely secular subject. c. a great cycle, with the same events occurring over and over again. d. the random result of human acts. During the flowering of the prophetic movement, the Hebrew prophets a. insisted that Yahweh would be pleased only by the observance of proper rituals and ceremonies. b. preached social responsibility and criticized those who emphasized accumulation of possessions and wealth. c. embraced parochialism and believed Israel's sacred mission was to focus on the chosen people alone. d. saw poverty and injustice as facts of life that would be futile to oppose. All of the following is true of universalism in Hebrew thought EXCEPT a. its contradiction of the narrow, tribal origins of Hebrew society. b. its concern for all humanity. c. its stress on the special nature and destiny of the Hebrews as God's chosen people. d. its emphasis that Israel was charged to lead in the struggle against idolatry. The first five books of the Old Testament are known as the a. Talmud. b. Tanak. c. Quintarch. d. Torah. The Hebrews originated in a. Palestine. b. Egypt. c. Mesopotamia. d. Canaan. During the eleventh century B.C., the leadership of Saul united the Hebrew tribes in Canaan. a. twelve b. ten c. twenty d. two After the fall of Israel to the Assyrians in 722 B.C. 4 a. thousands of Hebrews were exiled to Syria. b. many Hebrews lost their identity as the people of God. c. the prophets Isaiah, Ezekiel, and Jeremiah declared that the Hebrews had been forsaken by Yahweh. d. the Hebrews experienced an immediate return to their former power. The Hebrews' concept of Yahweh a. emphasizes the God's power as ruler of all and subject to none. b. shows that they were monotheists from their earliest days in Mesopotamia. c. is similar to that of other ancient monotheisms, such as the worship of Aton in Egypt. d. views Yahweh as one of many gods, all deserving honor and obedience by humans. Which of the following is a fundamental Hebrew belief about the individual? a. Human beings ranked equally with all other elements of God's creation. b. God desired his people to grovel before him and forbid them the capacity to take responsibility for their conduct. c. God did not create people to be his slaves. d. Human beings lacked the power to choose between righteousness and wickedness. The Hebrews' belief in moral responsibility resulted from a. an emphasis on the family as the source of morality. b. pride in oneself. c. an awareness of individual human beings as having free will to act. d. communal traditions. The Old Testament discussed slaves a. as human beings deserving justice and moral treatment. b. as deserving no protection. c. in the same way as all other ancient Near Eastern law. d. as the absolute property of the slave-owner, to do with as he wished. Under Hebrew law, within the family a. the father had supreme authority. b. women had full legal rights. c. women were treated as property. d. a divorce could be granted by request of either the husband or wife. The legacy of the ancient Jews includes all of the following EXCEPT a. the value Westerners place on the individual. b. the idea that all time is cyclical. c. monotheism. 1 d. a fundamental component of Christianity. HIEU 201 chapter 3 quiz The Dark Age refers to a. a period of military chaos but economic prosperity in the Greek world. b. a period of economic chaos but artistic and intellectual growth. c. a period of transition between Mycenaean and Hellenic civilizations. d. a period of migration of Greek tribes away from fertile lands to the mountains and the abandonment of Aegean islands. The work of Homer a. celebrates war without reflecting on its tragic character. b. rejects military prowess and the pursuit of glory and fame as criteria for human excellence. c. contains the origins of the notion that human excellence was a combination of thought and action. d. depicts the gods as primarily responsible for the good or evil that befell human beings. The Olympian religion that emerged in ancient Greece a. centered on a powerful professional priesthood that could dictate absolute truths. b. was monotheistic, worshipping Zeus as the only god. c. played no role in the lives of the Greek people after the development of philosophy. d. did not put an end to the worship of local gods or the practicing of local rituals. The polis a. was comprised mostly of full citizens, with a small number of non-citizens who could not participate in lawmaking. b. resulted from the disintegration of much larger political units. c. could be very large, comprising vast territories and huge populations. d. was comprised mostly of non-citizens, with a small number of citizens who made the laws. Spartan society was militaristic primarily because a. the Spartans had to defend the Helots from the perioikoi. 3 Solon's reforms a. excluded aristocrats from political life. b. excluded the poor from political participation. c. undermined the rights of the traditional aristocracy. d. opened the highest offices to the poorest Athenians. The Persians attacked Greece in the fifth century B.C. because a. they wished to add the riches of Greece to their empire. b. they wanted to crush the Athenian democracy before its ideas spread to peoples in the Persian Empire. c. Athens had aided a revolt by the Ionians, and the Persians wished to punish them for their interference. d. Sparta and the Peloponnesian League were threatening to invade Asia Minor, which borders on Persia. The Athenian navy delivered a decisive Greek victory against the Persians in 480 B.C.at a. Salamis. b. Thermopylae. c. Marathon. d. Plataea. Pericles was a. the leading figure in Athenian political life during the middle of the fifth century B.C. b. a tyrant who rejected Athenian democracy. c. a Spartan who admired Athenian democracy. d. a military leader who was credited with saving Athens during the Persian Wars. According to Demosthenes a. Athens faced decline if it pursued too much cooperation with other city-states rather than pursue its own particular interests. b. the Greeks faced decline if they did not show contrition to the gods. c. the Greeks faced decline if they did not unite against their common enemy, Macedonia. d. the Greeks faced decline because their enemies loved freedom more than they did. 4 Artifacts and archaeological evidence of the Minoans on Crete indicate a. magnificent fortified palaces with extensive defensive structures that served as political centers. b. a warlike culture that rejected artistic and cultural pursuits. c. a civilization that did not predate that of the Mycenaeans. d. a substantial export trade from Crete to Egypt, Syria, Asia Minor, and Greece. Which of the following is NOT a feature of Mycenaean civilization? a. It had a political system that can be seen as an early form of democracy. b. It owed a considerable debt to Minoan civilization on Crete. c. It disintegrated due to constant warfare between its various kingdoms. d. It reached its height in the period from 1400 to 1230 B.C. The earliest examples of the polis a. were confederations of city-states acting in harmony in both war and peace. b. evolved from rational origins to theocracy. c. were small city-states based on tribal allegiances. d. united all Greeks under the rule of a divine kingship. The mature polis was a a. self-governing community that expressed the will of free citizens. b. community in which laws were seen as deriving from divine rulers. c. community in which religion played no role whatsoever. d. community designed to express the will of the gods. In contrast to Sparta a. Athens was a land power and exclusively agricultural. b. Athens defined freedom as the independence of the fatherland. c. Athens valued the political freedom of the individual. d. Athens possessed no navy. By Dik, Solon meant a. personal excellence in warfare. 1 b. the principle of justice that is that underlies all human community. c. the obligation of all Athenians to take part in the defense of their city. d. the arrogance of the tyrants he opposed. The Delian League a. was created by rivals to Athens within the Peloponnesian League. b. was an alliance of city-states dominated by the largest polis, Athens. c. was an instrument of Spartan economic expansion. d. grew primarily because states voluntarily placed themselves under the protection of Athenian military power. The mature democracy that evolved in Athens by the fifth century B.C. a. granted political power to an Assembly made up of all adult male citizens. b. ensured the political equality of all people in the polis. c. chose all offices, even the most critical, by luck of the draw. d. prevented the emergence of strong political leaders who could influence the policies of the state. Athenian women were a. often highly educated. b. considered the wards of their husbands. c. considered the equals of their husbands. d. able to hold office but could not vote. As a result of the Peloponnesian War a. Athens brought democracy to Sparta by utilizing the resources of Syracuse. b. Athens eliminated its enemies and ended all attacks on Greek city-states. c. Sparta destroyed the city of Athens and executed its leader, Pericles. d. Athens experienced a decline in the quality of its leadership. HIEU 201 chapter 4 quiz The Ionian philosophers believed that a. nature was manipulated by arbitrary and willful gods. 2 b. nature was governed by blind chance and therefore unknowable. c. nature could be thoroughly and persuasively explained by earlier creation legends. d. nature contains a hidden structure that is ascertainable by the human mind. Parmenides' fundamental belief was a. that the matter in the world could be destroyed and reformed an infinite number of times. b. that the senses were the only reliable source of information about nature. c. that the universe underwent change and development over time. d. that the cosmos and all that is within it is one, eternal, and unchanging. The Sophists' interest in human and social concerns a. reflected their rational, secular, and analytical approach to philosophy. b. emphasized the importance of traditional religion, government, and law. c. was based on an emotional interpretation of values and institutions. d. was motivated primarily by their metaphysical concern for the place of human beings in the cosmos. Socrates believed that the central concern of the individual should be to a. attain a deeper knowledge of the matter and structure of the natural world. b. pursue fame and power within the political life of the polis. c. contemplate the gods and seek immortality. d. perfect one's character and achieve moral excellence. Plato's political writings a. praise the virtues of democracy over all other forms of government. b. reject the idea that women should have equal access with men to positions of power. c. reflect his criticism of Athenian democracy. d. advocate a military dictatorship in which the strongest would maintain law and order. Aristotle's theory of truth held that a. the Forms were located in a higher world outside of direct human experience. 3 b. the Forms existed in things themselves. c. philosophy offered no satisfactory way of investigating the natural world. d. Parmenides was right when he rejected information derived from the senses. Greek drama a. avoided investigations of emotion. b. originated in religious festivals. c. avoided depictions of conflict between human beings and the gods. d. emphasized only the sufferings and weaknesses of individuals. Aristophanes a. admired the Athenian leadership of his time. b. used comedy to critique Athenian society. c. was the greatest writer of Greek tragic drama. d. believed female characters on stage to be blasphemy. Which of the following is NOT true of the Greek historian Herodotus? a. He demonstrated a cautious and critical attitude toward his sources. b. He valued the study and preservation of the past. c. He eliminated all references to the gods in his writing. d. He attempted to examine the histories of the Greeks and other societies dispassionately, without prejudice. Greek dramatists a. explored both the weaknesses and the courage of human beings. b. believed individuals lacked free will in making decisions. c. omitted from their works rational reflection, focusing instead on characters as passive victims. d. rejected the idea of an inner logic in the universe. The development of rational thought in Greece a. was completed when Plato and Aristotle eliminated all mythical modes of thought from their philosophy. b. represented a significant advance from Near Eastern mythopoeic culture but did not result in the elimination of 4 myth from Greek life and thought. c. represents a smooth continuation of trends that began in the Near East. d. was limited in that reason was applied to the physical world, but not to human activities. • Check My Work • The first Ionian philosophers were called cosmologists because they a. rejected the idea that universal principles guided the universe. b. believed that everything in the world was an impermanent illusion. c. rejected the study of nature in favor of the study of the stars alone. d. sought the underlying principles of the universe. • • • Anaximander rejected Thales' theory that water was the original substance and believed instead that was the source of all things. a. the Boundless b. air c. True Being d. fire • • • In contrast to the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians, the Greeks a. reluctantly embraced monarchy as required for a just state. b. never experienced political tyranny. c. lacked a sense of individual worth. d. created civic politics and political freedom. • • • Which of the following is NOT true of Greek medicine as practiced by Hippocratic physicians? a. It included detailed recording of the observation of ill patients. b. It was influenced by the thought of the early Greek cosmologists. c. It involved the classification of patients' symptoms and predictions of the course of their disease. d. It embraced supernatural and magical explanations and cures for disease. • • Correct • Socrates' method of inquiry, dialectics, involved a. the withdrawal of the individual from society, in order to facilitate private contemplation. b. analysis that was based on the assumption that human beings are fundamentally irrational. c. a dialogue between individuals, meant to root out illogical assumptions and arrive at clearly defined ideas. d. a process through which an individual cleared him or herself of all negative thoughts. • • Correct • Plato argued that truth a. resides in the world of Forms rather than the material world of experience. b. is an imperfect and transitory reflection of our knowledge of the physical world. c. is subjective, rather than a universal absolute. d. is accessible through the senses. • • Correct • During the classical age of Greek art, art was a. realistic. b. naturalistic. c. idealistic. d. all of the above • • Correct • Greek historians believed that history a. is not the record of divine wrath or benevolence but the actions solely of human beings. b. had the purpose of narrating the deeds of gods and their human agents, the god-kings. c. was vital in marking progression over time. d. is composed of unique events, each with a special meaning. • • Incorrect • Thucydides' greatest work a. sought general principles that guide human nature, through an analysis of the Peloponnesian War. b. rejected philosophical approaches to history. c. was a study of military tactics during the Persian War. d. was a great compilation of myths and legends. • Hide Feedback Alexander's invasion of the Near East was motivated primarily by a. his desire to obtain the agricultural wealth of Mesopotamia and Egypt in order to feed the growing population of Greece. b. a wish to avenge the Persian attacks on Greece in the fifth century B.C.; to eliminate any further threat from Persia; and also to satisfy his own desire for adventure. c. his personal hatred for the Persian king, Darius III. d. the pledge he made to Philip to destroy the Ionian cities that had rebelled against him. Which of the following is NOT an example of the ways in which the world changedafter Alexander's conquests? a. The distinctions between barbarian and Greek became much more prominent. b. The parochialism of the polis gave way to a world outlook. c. A new fusion of disparate peoples and the intermingling of cultural traditions developed. d. The West and East were brought much closer together. The Hellenistic kingdoms were ruled by kings who relied on the a. use of mercenary armies and sought loyalty from their subjects. b. political ideals of Athens and sought, like Solon, to create democratic government. c. political order of ancient Hebrews and sought to organize their societies into communal tribes. d. political ideals of Sparta and sought to create military order. Koine refers to a form of shared in Hellenistic cities. a. language b. laws c. political philosophy d. religious beliefs Hellenistic cosmopolitanism expressed itself in all of the following ways EXCEPT a. an expansion of trade. b. the integration of the culture of the city and the culture of the countryside. c. an increased movement of peoples. d. the adoption of common currency standards. Hide Feedback • Correct Signs that the status of women in Hellenistic society showed some improvement overthe classical period include evidence that a. some royal mothers and daughters exercised political power. b. some nonroyal women held important priestly offices. c. women contributed to high culture as poets, harpists, artists, and architects far more than in the classic era. d. all of the above Hide Feedback Correct The leading historian of the Hellenistic Age was a. Theophrastus. b. Polybius. c. Theocritus. d. Apollonius of Rhodes. Hide Feedback Correct The achievements of Hellenistic scientists a. resulted in immediate technological applications that enhanced people's material comfort. b. were stimulated, at least in part, by the exchange of new ideas and new knowledge gathered over a wide geographical area. c. were made primarily by Athenians inspired by Plato's interest in the natural world. d. were entirely abstract or philosophical and would never lead to any practical applications. Hide Feedback Correct The philosophy of Epicurus a. taught the value of passivity and urged withdrawal from civic life. b. encouraged people to help change the world through political action. c. recommended the pursuit of pleasure as bringing the greatest joy in life. d. was based on the assumption that higher powers, such as gods, control the material world from beyond. Hide Feedback Correct Stoicism reflected the cosmopolitan nature of Hellenistic society in that a. its founder, Zeno, encouraged the spread of democratic political institutions. b. it advocated greater social and economic equality among all people. c. it postulated that the world constituted a single society, the city of humanity united by the concept of Logos. d. its founder, Zeno, conceived of the Divine Order as the use of military force to keep peace among diverse and • Correct conflicting people. The Skeptics taught that a. truth does not exist. b. human reason brings no happiness, therefore one should have faith in the will of the gods. c. one truth is as good as another, therefore one should do and believe whatever one wants. d. truth may or may not exist, but humans are incapable of resolving this question. Cynics responded to the conditions of the Hellenistic world by a. renouncing worldliness in favor of a return to traditional Greek religious beliefs and practices. b. rejecting the old Greek idea of freedom in favor of more discipline, law, and order in society. c. joining together in tightly knit communities, where new social bonds would replace the general alienation of society. d. disassociating themselves from all aspects of normal society and emphasizing total individual freedom. After Alexander's death a. the Persians conquered his empire and regained their dominance of the Western world. b. his empire lasted intact for another two hundred years, providing the basis for the Roman Empire. c. his empire fractured into three dynasties: the Antigonids in Egypt, the Ptolemies in western Asia, and the Seleucids in Macedonia. d. his empire fractured into three dynasties: the Ptolemies in Egypt, the Seleucids in western Asia, and the Antigonids in Macedonia. The unrivaled commercial center of the Hellenistic world was a. Athens. b. Sardis. c. Alexandria. d. Persepolis. The Alexandrian scholar-poet Callimachus a. rejected poetry as unequal to scholarly work. b. rejected Greek philosophy as unequal to the epics of Homer. • Correct c. urged his fellow poets to write short, finely crafted works rather than epics. d. urged poets to write long epic works to rival Homer. The plays of Menander a. were apolitical, portraying instead a preoccupation with private life and human weakness. b. were deeply religious, focusing on the gods and their will. c. were deeply political, critiquing all aspects of Hellenistic government. d. were chauvinistic, praising all things Greek and rejecting other cultures. Hellenistic and Hellenic philosophers differed in that a. Hellenistic thinkers rejected the rational tradition of Hellenic thought. b. Hellenic thought was more concerned with the good life, whereas Hellenistic thought concentrated on understanding the natural world. c. Hellenic thinkers sought to define the individual's relationship to the polis, while Hellenistic philosophy dealt more with the individual's relationship to humanity. d. Hellenistic philosophy had no concern for spiritual or ethical matters. Epicurus believed that a wise person should a. pursue wealth, power, and fame, since all three brought happiness. b. seek to escape from all sources of worry and fear. c. surrender him or herself to physical pleasure as a way to achieve happiness. d. involve him or herself in civic life as a way to achieve happiness. According to the Stoics, the wise person a. should strive to better his or her social and economic position. b. ordered their lives according to natural law. c. should give his or her emotions free range, in order that he or she might better understand them. d. should seek out suffering, in order to learn how to endure it. In contrast to Epicurean and Stoic belief, the Skeptics a. held that there is a definite route to happiness. b. rejected the idea that one should avoid anxiety. • c. beClioevrerdethcatt only through faith in the gods, could one find true peace. d. held that all systems of belief were flawed and did not seek a single path to happiness. HIEU 201 Chapter 6 Quiz Alexander's invasion of the Near East was motivated primarily by a. his desire to obtain the agricultural wealth of Mesopotamia and Egypt in order to feed the growing population of Greece. b. a wish to avenge the Persian attacks on Greece in the fifth century B.C.; to eliminate any further threat from Persia; and also to satisfy his own desire for adventure. c. his personal hatred for the Persian king, Darius III. d. the pledge he made to Philip to destroy the Ionian cities that had rebelled against him. Which of the following is NOT an example of the ways in which the world changedafter Alexander's conquests? a. The distinctions between barbarian and Greek became much more prominent. b. The parochialism of the polis gave way to a world outlook. c. A new fusion of disparate peoples and the intermingling of cultural traditions developed. d. The West and East were brought much closer together. The Hellenistic kingdoms were ruled by kings who relied on the a. use of mercenary armies and sought loyalty from their subjects. b. political ideals of Athens and sought, like Solon, to create democratic government. c. political order of ancient Hebrews and sought to organize their societies into communal tribes. d. political ideals of Sparta and sought to create military order. Koine refers to a form of shared in Hellenistic cities. a. language b. laws c. political philosophy d. religious beliefs Hell•enisCtiocrcroescmt opolitanism expressed itself in all of the following ways EXCEPT a. an expansion of trade. b. the integration of the culture of the city and the culture of the countryside. c. an increased movement of peoples. d. the adoption of common currency standards. Hide Feedback Signs that the status of women in Hellenistic society showed some improvement overthe classical period include evidence that a. some royal mothers and daughters exercised political power. b. some nonroyal women held important priestly offices. c. women contributed to high culture as poets, harpists, artists, and architects far more than in the classic era. d. all of the above Hide Feedback Correct The leading historian of the Hellenistic Age was a. Theophrastus. b. Polybius. c. Theocritus. d. Apollonius of Rhodes. Hide Feedback Correct The achievements of Hellenistic scientists a. resulted in immediate technological applications that enhanced people's material comfort. b. were stimulated, at least in part, by the exchange of new ideas and new knowledge gathered over a wide geographical area. c. were made primarily by Athenians inspired by Plato's interest in the natural world. d. were entirely abstract or philosophical and would never lead to any practical applications. Hide Feedback Correct The philosophy of Epicurus a. taught the value of passivity and urged withdrawal from civic life. b. encouraged people to help change the world through political action. c. recommended the pursuit of pleasure as bringing the greatest joy in life. d. was based on the assumption that higher powers, such as gods, control the material world from beyond. Hide Feedback Correct Stoicism reflected the cosmopolitan nature of Hellenistic society in that a. its founder, Zeno, encouraged the spread of democratic political institutions. b. it advocated greater social and economic equality among all people. c. it postulated that the world constituted a single society, the city of humanity united by the concept of Logos. d. its founder, Zeno, conceived of the Divine Order as the use of military force to keep peace among diverse and • Correct conflicting people. The Skeptics taught that a. truth does not exist. b. human reason brings no happiness, therefore one should have faith in the will of the gods. c. one truth is as good as another, therefore one should do and believe whatever one wants. d. truth may or may not exist, but humans are incapable of resolving this question. Cynics responded to the conditions of the Hellenistic world by a. renouncing worldliness in favor of a return to traditional Greek religious beliefs and practices. b. rejecting the old Greek idea of freedom in favor of more discipline, law, and order in society. c. joining together in tightly knit communities, where new social bonds would replace the general alienation of society. d. disassociating themselves from all aspects of normal society and emphasizing total individual freedom. After Alexander's death a. the Persians conquered his empire and regained their dominance of the Western world. b. his empire lasted intact for another two hundred years, providing the basis for the Roman Empire. c. his empire fractured into three dynasties: the Antigonids in Egypt, the Ptolemies in western Asia, and the Seleucids in Macedonia. d. his empire fractured into three dynasties: the Ptolemies in Egypt, the Seleucids in western Asia, and the Antigonids in Macedonia. The unrivaled commercial center of the Hellenistic world was a. Athens. b. Sardis. c. Alexandria. d. Persepolis. The Alexandrian scholar-poet Callimachus a. rejected poetry as unequal to scholarly work. b. rejected Greek philosophy as unequal to the epics of Homer. • Correct c. urged his fellow poets to write short, finely crafted works rather than epics. d. urged poets to write long epic works to rival Homer. The plays of Menander a. were apolitical, portraying instead a preoccupation with private life and human weakness. b. were deeply religious, focusing on the gods and their will. c. were deeply political, critiquing all aspects of Hellenistic government. d. were chauvinistic, praising all things Greek and rejecting other cultures. Hellenistic and Hellenic philosophers differed in that a. Hellenistic thinkers rejected the rational tradition of Hellenic thought. b. Hellenic thought was more concerned with the good life, whereas Hellenistic thought concentrated on understanding the natural world. c. Hellenic thinkers sought to define the individual's relationship to the polis, while Hellenistic philosophy dealt more with the individual's relationship to humanity. d. Hellenistic philosophy had no concern for spiritual or ethical matters. Epicurus believed that a wise person should a. pursue wealth, power, and fame, since all three brought happiness. b. seek to escape from all sources of worry and fear. c. surrender him or herself to physical pleasure as a way to achieve happiness. d. involve him or herself in civic life as a way to achieve happiness. According to the Stoics, the wise person a. should strive to better his or her social and economic position. b. ordered their lives according to natural law. c. should give his or her emotions free range, in order that he or she might better understand them. d. should seek out suffering, in order to learn how to endure it. In contrast to Epicurean and Stoic belief, the Skeptics a. held that there is a definite route to happiness. b. rejected the idea that one should avoid anxiety. • c. beClioevrerdethcatt only through faith in the gods, could one find true peace. d. held that all systems of belief were flawed and did not seek a single path to happiness. HIEU 201 Chapter 7 Quiz Octavian took the title princeps, which means a. god-king. b. first citizen. c. dictator. d. chief priest. The Pax Romana was characterized by the a. worsening condition of slaves and women. b. prevalence of peace in the Mediterranean world without any foreign wars or internal revolts. c. rejection of Stoic philosophy with its emphasis on the common humanity of all peoples. d. revival of republican government and the end of the empire. The second Hebrew revolt in Judea during the reign of Hadrian resulted in a. a promise from Rome that only Jews would be allowed to settle in Palestine. b. the permanent return of Jerusalem to Jewish control. c. complete Jewish independence from Rome. d. the death, enslavement, or emigration of the majority of Palestinian Jews. Roman Stoics a. believed that only through veneration of the gods could Rome remain great. b. believed that moral values were obtained from reason alone. c. meditated on a mystical being that they believed would assure them of immortality. d. were attracted to mystery religions and cults. The major forms of entertainment in the Empire included all of the following EXCEPT a. poetry reading contests. b. chariot races. • c. wCildoarnrimeacltshows. d. gladiatorial combats. The weaknesses of the economy of Empire during the Pax Romana included all of the following EXCEPT • Correct a. a growing unemployed underclass. b. the lack of capital investment. c. problematic transportation networks that hindered the expansion of trade. d. the abandonment of slave labor. Plotinus (A.D. c. 205–c. 270) is considered the most influential spokesman for Neo- Platonism, because he a. subordinated the mystery cult tradition to philosophy. b. subordinated philosophy to mysticism and the occult. c. argued for a total commitment to rational thought. d. believed that Rome should return to the political institutions of the Republic. Diocletian was able to slow the disintegration of the Empire temporarily by a. restricting the liberty of urban workers and city officials by requiring them to stay in their positions, even if they were losing money. b. allowing more self-government to the cities and local areas of the Empire. c. making taxation more equitable and allowing greater economic freedom and opportunity for the poor. d. reviving the synthesis of republican and imperial institutions established by Octavian. That "Rome fell in A.D. 476" means a. Rome was abandoned by Constantine in that year when he moved the capital of the Empire to Constantinople in the East. b. the city of Rome was destroyed in that year by rival Roman generals. c. the entire Empire collapsed, and barbarians and Persians took control of the entire Mediterranean world. d. Romulus, the last Western Roman emperor, was replaced by a German ruler in the West. In the late Roman Empire, the Roman population saw its government as a. its only source of strong military leadership. b. the epitome of traditional Roman virtues. c. more hated and feared than the barbarian invaders. d. its only hope for salvation from invasion. Ptole•myCiosrbreescttknown for his contributions to the study of a. chemistry. b. astronomy. c. medicine. d. physics. Roman law came to form the basis of the common law in all Western lands EXCEPT a. Britain. b. France c. Italy. d. Germany. Octavian was able to avoid the fate of Julius Caesar by a. declaring himself a monarch with absolute powers. b. retiring from public life as soon as he had restored order in Roman society. c. disbanding the Senate and executing all of its strongest advocates. d. maintaining the façade of the Republic. Augustus carried out all of the following measures EXCEPT a. the building of aqueducts and water mains. b. reform of the army. c. the fostering of democratic institutions in the provinces. d. the repair of roads and the promotion of public works. Roman rule clashed with Jewish religious-national sentiment because a. some Jews saw Roman rule as a threat to the purity of Jewish life. b. Rome forced the Jews to accept statues of the emperors in Jewish temples. c. Rome sought to outlaw all Jewish religious practices and beliefs. d. Rome allowed the Jews no exemptions from the emperor worship required in the rest of the Empire. During the Pax Romana, women a. were able to make business arrangements without the consent of their husbands. b. were forbidden from participating in public festivals and activities. • c. wCeroe rnroteaclltowed to divorce their husbands. d. were freed from the responsibility of supervising the household. The writings of Juvenal a. celebrated national glory and Roman values. b. emphasized the virtues of women. c. attacked the evils of Roman society. d. explored the habits of the Germanic peoples. The jus gentium a. was a set of laws that applied only to Rome, not to other nations. b. was, in many ways, a rejection of the principles of Stoicism. c. was a special set of laws that applied only to aristocrats. d. combined Roman civil law with principles selected from the Greeks and other peoples. Hide Feedback CorrectThe a. the increased quality of the Roman imperial soldiery, which led to the army having too much influence in politicalaffairs. b. a slackening of the barbarian pressure on the frontiers, leading to a de-emphasis on the importance of the military. c. the collapse of cities and the ruin of the middle class as a consequence of inflation and bad management of the economy by the state. d. the increased application of technology to production, which created in massive unemployment. Hide Feedback a. farmers. b. soldiers. c. slaves. d. women. Hide Feedback HIEU 201 Chapter 8 quiz Jesus practiced his ministry From the point of view of the Romans, Jesus and his followers appeared to be Answer: subversives who seemed to emphasize political resistance to Roman law Paul's knowledge of was of great value in his missionary work with both Diaspora Jews and Gentiles. Answer: Greek At first, the Roman government did not interfere with Christians because Answer: Number of Christians was small Because there were obvious and important differences between Christian thought and Greek philosophy Answer: conservative church fathers rejected classical philosophy in its entirety. Some ardent Christians Answer: all of the above According to Arius (A.D. 250–336) Answer: Jesus was more than man but less than God The early Christians Answer: did not call for freeing of slaves but taught that slaves were children of God and should be converted to Christianity In the City of God, Saint Augustine stated that Answ• er:CCohrrirsteiacntity would survive the collapse and fall of Rome and that Christian ethics should be pursued under any subsequent social and political system Christianity and Stoic ethics were similar in that both Answer: believed that all human beings are related and possess a fundamental dignity The greatest achievement of was the translation of the Old and New Testaments from Hebrew and Greek into Latin. Answer: Saint Jerome The Pharisees were Palestinian Jews who Answer: favored a more liberal attitude toward Mosaic law Similarities between the Qumran community that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Jesus movement include Answer: the anticipation of a coming messianic age The word Gentiles refers to Answer: non-jews Paul believed that Mosaic Law Answer: had been superseded by Jesus' teachings Christianity succeeded in becoming the dominant religion in the Roman Empire partly because Answer: Christians welcomed all people, regardless of wealth, sex, or any other social, physical, or economic qualities The monastic rule of Saint Benedict Answer: imposed order and discipline on monks' spiritual impulse to withdraw from the world, by requiring that they work and obey the abbot. The case for the supremacy of the bishop of Rome over the entire church was based on Answ• er:Cthoerbreelcietf that Jesus' disciple Peter, on whom Jesus supposedly had announced he would "build my church," had been the first bishop of Rome Paul taught that women Answer: possessed moral autonomy but were subject to their husbands' authority. The Christian concept of God and the Greek concept of God differed in that Answer: Greeks saw God as an abstraction, while the Christians saw God as an active participant in human lives. HIEU 201 Chapter 9 Quiz Which of the following contributed to tensions between the Eastern and Roman churches during the Middle Ages? a. the pope's claim to authority over all Christians b. the use of holy images in worship c. the power of the Byzantine emperor d. all of the above The Byzantine emperor Justinian's most lasting achievement was the a. sound financial footing on which he placed the Byzantine government. b. permanent addition of eastern Italy to the Byzantine Empire. c. permanent addition of Spain to the Byzantine Empire. d. collection and codification of Rome's ancient laws. Muslims regard Mohammad as a. the only prophet. b. entirely divine, not human. c. the final prophet. d. part human and part divine. means both an internal striving by the individual for moral self-improvement and a collective military struggle to defend Islam against its enemies. a. Jihad b. Hadith • Correct c. Umma d. Hegira Christians and Jews who lived in Islamic lands a. had greater rights than Muslims. b. had no rights at all. c. had the same rights as Muslims. d. were protected and tolerated but had fewer rights than Muslims. In th•e eiCgohrthreacntd ninth centuries, under the Abbasid caliphs, Muslim civilization a. lost the vitality it had enjoyed under Mohammed's leadership and slipped into decline. b. was beset by a series of long and bloody civil wars. c. reached the height of its political dominance of the Near East, but at the cost of intellectual stagnation and sterility. d. creatively integrated Arabic, Byzantine, Persian, and Indian cultural traditions. Cassiodorus (c. 490-575) was a. an Ostorgoth king who sought to blend Germanic and Roman legal principles. b. a scholar who established a monastic library containing Greek and Latin texts and advocated education for the clergy. c. a bishop of Rome who burned some of the last remaining copies of Aristotle's philosophical works. d. a Roman administrator who sought to revive the Republic in the dying days of the Empire. Irish and English monasteries a. preserved learning, but played no role in converting the population of Europe to Christianity. b. were critical to attracting new converts, but neglected scholarship. c. collapsed for lack of financial support and had to be reestablished by missionaries from Italy. d. played an important role in attracting converts and a critical role in preserving classical learning. The Franks became the dominant people in Western Europe, in part because a. they were the only Germanic peoples able to establish a kingdom within old Roman territories. b. they were able to revitalize city life, trade, and the general economic prosperity of the West. c. they enjoyed the consistently strong leadership of their Merovingian kings from [JLM1]500 to 750. d. the conversion of Clovis to Roman Christianity gave them an advantage over Arian Christian Germans. The Carolingian Renaissance a. was comparable to the cultural achievements of the Greco-Roman past. b. was more a rebirth of Christian than of Greco-Roman culture. c. reversed the process of cultural decay, which had characterized much of the Early Middle Ages. d. was a step back from the process of Christianization, which had been going on for centuries. Feud•alisCmorprreocvtided some order and security in medieval society by a. establishing a reciprocal relationship between lords and vassals based on promises of obligation and protection. b. guaranteeing the freedom of individuals as defined in the revived code of Roman law. c. establishing the absolute power of lords over their vassals with no responsibilities to them. d. doling out fiefs of land to peasants, who were then able to feed and protect themselves. Vassals pledged loyalty to lords and, in return for services, were granted a a. fief. b. free city. c. military title. d. knighthood. Byzantine emperors were a. absolute rulers who held that they had been appointed by God. b. figureheads, with no real power. c. elected by a college of bishops. d. secular leaders, with no ecclesiastical authority. During the eighth century, the Muslims' threat to Constantinople a. was countered by the Byzantine usage of a new weapon, "Greek fire." b. served as the grounds for the first of the Crusades. c. resulted in the Latin domination of the city. d. led to the temporary collapse of the Byzantine Empire. The Five Pillars of Islamic faith include all of the following EXCEPT a. Muslims must seek to convert nonbelievers to Islam. b. Muslims are expected to make at least one pilgrimage to Mecca during their lifetimes. c. Muslims have a duty to be generous to the poor. d. a Muslim must face the holy city of Mecca and pray at least five times a day. Pope Gregory I a. did little to enhance the finances of the papacy. b. was wary of linking the papacy to secular leaders. • c. reCjeocrterdeincttellectualism as a danger to the church. d. tightened the bonds between the monks and the papacy. The creation of an empire by Charlemagne a. embodied the ideal of a universal Christian state and was recognized by the pope's crowning of Charlemagne as emperor. b. was opposed by the church, which saw it as a threat to Christian and, more specifically, papal interests. c. united all the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea under one ruler again for the first time in centuries. d. resulted in a highly centralized and efficient system of government like that of ancient Rome. According to the widely held views in the Middle Ages, women a. had full political rights, except to bear arms in battle. b. were evil temptresses, following in the model of the biblical Eve. c. were protected from wife beating by both secular and church law. d. were the spiritual equals of men, but were socially and politically dominated by men. Medieval serfs a. owed their lord labor services. b. possessed no customary rights to cottages and farmland. c. were free to leave their manor in search of alternate employment. d. had the benefit of using their lord's mill, bake-oven, and winepress free of charge. During the Early Middle Ages, Byzantine civilization was a. less centralized than the Latin West. b. economically and culturally more advanced than the Latin West. c. more secular than the Latin West. d. less stable than the Latin West. HIEU 201 Chapter 10 Quiz The three-field system This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 02-01-2022 12:16:33 GMT -06:00 a. allowed for increased production by reducing the amount of land that was left fallow. b. was replaced with the two-field system. • Correct c. allowed animals to graze on two-thirds of the land. d. made its biggest impact in southern Europe. By the thirteenth century, Italian towns a. suffered as trade routes shifted to northern Europe. b. acted as intermediaries facilitating trade between Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. c. suffered as trade routes shifted to central Europe and the North Sea. d. were unable to engage in trade because of Byzantine domination. Medieval guilds a. organized all the craftspeople of a given town into a single group. b. were strictly business organizations, with the sole purpose of making money for their members. c. were organized by tradesmen to govern their own economic activities. d. promoted competition by encouraging individual decision-making. William the Conqueror created a. the position of sheriff, a royal agent of the king. b. the division of lands into shires, or counties. c. English common law. d. a vast census of people and property. King John's costly war with led to the Magna Carta. • Correct a. Italy b. Germany c. France d. the Spanish kingdoms Representative institutions grew out of a. popular movements led by wealthy townspeople. b. the desire of kings to expand their authority and powers. c. the insistence of the clergy that the Bible dictated the need for such bodies. d. royal dependence on the nobility for military support. The reform movement in the church in the tenth and eleventh centuries a. granted secular authorities, especially the nobles, more influence over church affairs. b. emerged as a reaction against the moral laxity and worldliness that had corrupted many monasteries and the papacy. c. abolished the system of cardinals and provided that popes be elected democratically by general church councils. d. loosened the strict rules that had governed the lives of monks for centuries. The Investiture Controversy centered on the right to a. invest the Holy Roman emperor with the power of his office. b. invest kings with the powers of their office. c. control the wealth of the church. d. appoint bishops. The church addressed the perceived threat of heresy through a. the Inquisition, a permanent tribunal that demanded suspects disprove accusations made against them. b. wars that were usually opposed by kings and nobles. • Correct c. excommunication, which cut a person off from the heresy in question and was a guarantee of salvation. d. a reasoned presentation of alternative viewpoints. The Cathari were a a. group of religious dissenters based in northern Germany. b. radical group of religious dissenters who departed dramatically from mainstream Catholicism. c. wealthy Italian family that raised large sums of money for the papacy. d. monastic order dedicated to a return to early Christian principles. The authority and prestige of the papacy reached its height under Innocent III, partly because he a. sponsored the Fourth Crusade, which was the most successful of all wars against the Muslims. b. allowed greater diversity of practices and beliefs among Christians in Europe. c. separated the church from secular affairs, thereby avoiding embarrassing political confrontations. d. was able to win in specific conflicts with the kings of England and France. Which of the following barred the Jews from public office and required them to wear a distinguishing badge on their clothing? a. King Edward I of England b. Moses ben Maimon c. Pope Gregory VII d. the Fourth Lateran Council Europe experienced a revival of trade and commerce by the eleventh century that stemmed in part from a. a decrease in the money supply. b. a revival of Viking attacks. c. increased political stability. • Correct d. diminished agricultural production. In medieval towns, a. women were prohibited from guild membership throughout Europe. b. women often worked alongside their husbands in a variety of crafts. c. women played no part in economic life. d. guildswomen had many privileges but were strictly forbidden to train apprentices. A primary difference between political developments in England and in France wasthat a. England was conquered in 1066, which, in a single event, placed a strong king on the throne to govern the entire country. b. the English Parliament consisted of representatives from the nobles and clergy only. c. the French nobility gained power at the expense of their king. d. representative institutions did not exist in France. The Holy Roman Empire was a weak and divided state because a. it was a small territory that lacked sufficient economic resources. b. emperors often became embroiled in Italian and papal politics, thus sapping their strength at home. c. popes refused to grant anyone the imperial title after the death of Charlemagne. d. the pope granted investiture to emperors who devoted little attention to political affairs. Which of the following was NOT one of the seven sacraments of the medieval church? a. confirmation b. almsgiving c. extreme unction d. marriage Hide Feedback Correct Which of the following contributed to anti-Jewish feeling during the Middle Ages? a. the Jews' crime of deicide b. the role of Jews as moneylenders c. the Jew's belief in blood libel d. all of the above Hide Feedback Correct The Crusades can be described as all of the following EXCEPT a. an attempt by the papacy to assert its preeminence. b. a demonstration by the Roman Church of its subservience to the Eastern Orthodox Church. c. a sign of vitality and self-confidence in Western Europe. d. part of a general movement of European expansion. Hide Feedback Correct