UW Madison zoology 101 EXAM 4 latest solution update 2023

Why are there so many different kinds of organisms? - -Many different species -Variation within species and between species Geological Evidence - -Fossil record suggests that organisms change -Earth is very old (4.6 billion years) -Biological life is also very old (3.5 billion years) Linnaeus' Classification - -He developed the two-part (binomial) format for naming species -Nesting strategy- placing similar species into increasingly general categories Cuvier's Theory - -Developed paleontology (study of fossils) -Noticed that the older the stratum, the more dissimilar its fossils were to current life -Inferred that extinctions must have been a common occurrence due to catastrophism (events in the past occurred suddenly) -Believed that each strata represented a catastrophy Hutton's Theory - -Change in species took place through cumulative and continuous geological change Lyell's Theory - -Uniformitarianism (mechanisms of change are constant over time) -Earth is constantly changing Lamarck's Thoery - -Noticed what looked like several lines of descent-> led to his two principles 1. Use and Disuse= parts of the body that are used get larger and stronger and those that don't get used deteriorate 2. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics= organisms could pass these traits/modifications to its offspring Darwin and Wallace noticed: - 1. many different species and fossil of species that resemble current species 2. geographical gradients of change in species; island species often resemble mainland counter parts, but differ in important ways 3. organisms seem to have traits that match the conditions of their environment Adaptations - -inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments