BIOL 1111 EMT Exam 4 Study Guide part one

Exam 4 Study Guide ● Three types of collisions in a typical impact: ○ Collision of the car against another car, tree, or some other object ○ Collision of the paent against the interior of the car ■ Example of injuries: lower extremity fractures, rib fractures, and had trauma ○ Collision of the passenger’s internal organs against the solid structures of the body ■ Results in compression injury (or bruising) to the anterior poron of the brain and stretching (or tearing) of the posterior poron of the brain (i.e coup-contrecoup brain injury; rupture of the aorta due to heart slamming into the sternum) ● Types of crashes: ○ Frontal crashes: ■ Airbags can decrease the severity of the the deceleraon injuries by allowing seat belts to be more compliant and by gently cushioning the occupant as the body slows, or decelerates ■ Supplemental restraint such as seat belts can also prevent body from ejecng into window but also cause lower extremies and the pelvis to crash into the dashboard ■ Can also cause unseen abdominal injuries ■ Lumbar spine fractures are possible in especially children and older paents ○ Rear end crashes: ■ Known to cause whiplash injuries, parcularly when the passenger’s head and/or neck is not restrained by an appropriated placed headrest ■ On impact, body and toros move forward, with head and neck being le behind ■ Headrests help decrease extension of the head and neck during a crash ■ Passengers in the backseat wearing only a lap belt might have a higher incidence of injuries to the thoracic and lumbar spine ■ Types are: ● Resng ● Impact ● Hyperextension ● hyperflexion ○ Lateral crashes (T-bone) ■ Common cause of death