TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS REVISED EDITION

David Myers’ new partnership with coauthor C. Nathan De Wall matches two dedicated educators and scholars, each passionate about teaching psychological science through writing and interactive media These and other innovations rest on the same foundations that have always distinguished a new David Myers edition—exhaustive updating (hundreds of new citations), captivating writing, and the merging of rigorous science with a broad human perspective that engages both the mind and heart. Test bank revision questions and answers are meant to engage the students and practioners of nursing by providing exam questions that are a guarantee to assist students pass. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. The idea that various brain regions have particular functions is known as A) phrenology. B) neural communication. C) localization of function. D) plasticity. 2. An axon transmits messages _ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages the cell body. A) away from; toward B) away from; away from C) toward; away from D) toward; toward 3. To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the A) axon. B) synaptic gap. C) myelin sheath. D) endocrine glands. 4. The release of to muscle cell receptors triggers muscle contractions. A) ACh B) serotonin C) dopamine D) adrenaline 5. Depressed mood states are linked to levels of serotonin and levels of norepinephrine. A) low; low B) high; high C) low; high D) high; low 6. A drug molecule that increases the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap is a(n) A) glutamate. B) steroid. C) agonist. D) opiate. TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 7. The peripheral nervous system consists of A) interneurons. B) the spinal cord. C) endocrine glands. D) sensory and motor neurons. 8. carry messages from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord for processing. A) Sensory neurons B) Motor neurons C) Interneurons D) ANS 9. The autonomic nervous system most directly controls A) speech production. B) thinking and memory. C) movement of the arms and legs. D) bladder contractions. 10. The two nervous systems that work together to keep us in a state of homeostasis are the nervous systems. A) sympathetic and parasympathetic B) sympathetic and somatic C) parasympathetic and autonomic D) somatic and autonomic 11. When the _ nervous system is active, the pupils contract, heartbeat slows, digestion is stimulated, and the bladder contracts. A) autonomic B) sympathetic C) somatic D) parasympathetic 12. Although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicative of a(n) A) morphine antagonist. B) severed spinal cord. C) synaptic gap. D) all-or-none response. TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 13. The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine _ blood pressure and blood sugar levels. A) raises; raises B) lowers; lowers C) raises; lowers D) lowers; raises 14. To monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n) A) MRI. B) PET scan. C) EEG. D) brain lesion. 15. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the A) amygdala. B) hippocampus. C) cerebellum. D) medulla. 16. Stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a A) sleeping cat to awaken. B) hungry cat to stop eating. C) violent cat to become passive. D) thirsty cat to drink. 17. When people were shown happy and angry faces, their _ was found to activate in response to the angry faces. A) thalamus B) hypothalamus C) basal ganglia D) amygdala 18. Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage? A) amygdala B) thalamus C) nucleus accumbens D) hypothalamus TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 19. Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to A) insomnia. B) substance use disorders. C) schizophrenia. D) Parkinson's disease. 20. Which lobe is located behind your forehead? A) frontal B) parietal C) occipital D) temporal 21. Which lobe is located at the back of your head? A) frontal B) parietal C) occipital D) temporal 22. Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in controlling the facial muscle movements necessary for speaking? A) occipital B) frontal C) temporal D) parietal 23. The visual cortex is located in the A) occipital lobes. B) parietal lobes. C) temporal lobes. D) association areas. 24. Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by A) muscle spasms. B) memory loss. C) auditory hallucinations. D) irritability. TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 25. Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that encodes piano sounds. This best illustrates the impact of A) neurogenesis. B) lateralization. C) brain fissures. D) plasticity. 26. Research with split-brain patients suggests that the typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors. A) corpus callosum B) left cerebral hemisphere C) somatosensory cortex D) right cerebral hemisphere TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS Answer Key 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B Page 6 TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 1. The basic building blocks of our neural information system are neurons. Explain what neurons are, how they work, and how they communicate or transmit information? 2. After Lola began using a street drug to enhance her moods, she discovered that she needed larger and larger doses of the drug in order to feel the drug's effect. Use your understanding of the neurotransmission process to explain Lola's experience. 3. Stacey is a single mother of three. Last night she was awoken to loud noises of someone trying to break into her house. Stacey jumped out of bed, woke her children, grabbed her cell phone, and hid in a bedroom closet. Once in the closet she called 911 as quietly as possible. Stacey and her children remained in the closet until the police came. Explain how her sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems responded during this time. 4. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates believed that four basic body fluids (blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm) influenced human behavior, emotions, and personality. Use your understanding of the body's rapid and slower chemical communication systems to support or refute the general logic of Hippocrates' theory. 5. Compare and contrast the various ways that neuroscientists study the brain. 6. Describe specific functions of our older brain structures, which reveal that our brains are responsible for much more than simply our capacity to think. 7. Describe how damage to specific structures in your limbic system would likely affect your experience of (a) emotions such as anxiety and elation, (b) motives such as hunger and the sex drive, and (c) memories such as recall of familiar faces or locations. 8. After suffering a head injury in an auto accident, Alyssa says that she remembers what her mother looks like, and she can accurately recall many of her mother's distinctive facial features. However, when she is shown pictures of her mother, Alyssa is unable to recognize who it is, even though she can see clearly. Use your understanding of the functioning brain to account for Alyssa's strange pattern of experience. 9. Jason and Brandon are studying together for their psychology class. Jason says, “Can you imagine how smart humans would be if they actually used all of their brain? Right now we use only 10 percent of our brain!” Put yourself in Brandon's shoes. How would you respond to Jason? Page 1 TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 10. Describe how an understanding of both a normally functioning brain and a split brain enables us to better appreciate the fact that most information processing takes place outside of conscious awareness. Page 2 TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Page 3 TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 1. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates correctly located the mind in the A) brain. B) heart. C) stomach. D) thyroid gland. 2. Who proposed that phrenology could reveal mental abilities and character traits? A) Franz Gall B) Plato C) Aristotle D) Daniel Kish 3. Phrenology highlighted the presumed functions of A) specific brain regions. B) synaptic gaps. C) endorphins. D) the myelin sheath. 4. The person most likely to suggest that the shape of a person's skull indicates the extent to which that individual is argumentative and aggressive would be a A) neurologist. B) behavior geneticist. C) psychoanalyst. D) phrenologist. 5. Although phrenology incorrectly suggested that bumps on the skull revealed a person's character traits, phrenology did succeed in focusing attention on A) synaptic gaps. B) action potentials. C) the localization of function. D) endorphins. 6. A focus on the links between brain activity and behavior is most characteristic of psychologists. A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) behavioral D) biological Page 1 TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 7. Dr. Wolski conducts research on the relationship between neurotransmitter deficiencies and mood states. Dr. Wolski's research focus is most characteristic of A) phrenology. B) biological psychology. C) psychoanalysis. D) social psychology. 8. A biological psychologist would be most interested in conducting research on the relationship between A) neurotransmitters and depression. B) skull shape and bone density. C) self-esteem and popularity. D) genetics and eye color. 9. To fully appreciate the interaction of neural activity, mental processes, and the functioning of human communities, it is most necessary to recognize that people are A) consciously aware. B) morally accountable. C) biopsychosocial systems. D) products of multiple neural networks. 10. The capacity of a brain area to develop new neural pathways as it adjusts to damage is known as A) phrenology. B) dendrites. C) an action potential. D) plasticity. 11. Although James lost some manual dexterity following brain damage from a small stroke, the development of new neural pathways enabled him to regain most of his lost manual agility. This best illustrates the value of A) action potentials. B) phrenology. C) plasticity. D) depolarization. Page 2 TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 12. Plasticity refers to the brain's capacity to change by forming new neural pathways based on A) refractory periods. B) localization of function. C) experience. D) reuptake. 13. Many years of intensive guitar practice have led to changes in Karyasa's motor cortex that enable her skilled finger movements. This best illustrates the value of A) reuptake. B) echolocation. C) plasticity. D) localization of function. 14. Blind echolocation experts who can use the brain's visual centers to process auditory signals best illustrate the value of A) plasticity. B) reuptake. C) endorphins. D) refractory periods. 15. Neurons are best described as A) positively charged sodium and potassium ions. B) chemical molecules that cross the synaptic gap. C) nerve cells that function as the building blocks of the nervous system. D) bundled axon cables that connect the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs. 16. The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus is called the A) cell body. B) dendrite. C) axon. D) myelin sheath. 17. Dendrites are branching extensions of A) neurotransmitters. B) endorphins. C) neurons. D) glial cells. Page 3 TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 18. The function of dendrites is to A) receive incoming signals from other neurons. B) release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons. C) coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain. 19. An axon is A) a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system. B) a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons. C) a molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites. D) the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body. 20. Dendrite is to as axon is to . A) sensory neuron; motor neuron B) sodium ion; potassium ion C) signal reception; signal transmission D) central nervous system; peripheral nervous system 21. The longest part of a motor neuron is likely to be the A) dendrite. B) axon. C) cell body. D) synapse. 22. In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the of a single neuron. A) dendrites to the axon to the cell body B) axon to the cell body to the dendrites C) dendrites to the cell body to the axon D) axon to the dendrites to the cell body 23. A myelin sheath is a A) nerve network within the spinal cord that controls physical arousal. B) large band of neural fibers connecting the two adrenal glands. C) layer of fatty tissue encasing the axons of some nerve cells. D) bushy extension of a neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body. Page 4 TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12TH EDITION MYERS 24. The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n) A) endorphin. B) myelin sheath. C) glial cell. D) synaptic vesicle. 25. Degeneration of the myelin sheath results in A) reuptake. B) multiple sclerosis.