HESI CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

HESI CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS 1. Which of the following substances allows for the fastest diffusion? A. gas B. solid C. liquid D. plasma Explanation: Diffusion is fastest through gases. The next fastest medium for diffusion is liquid, followed by plasma, and then solids. In chemistry, diffusion is defined as the movement of matter by the random motions of molecules. In a gas or a liquid, the molecules are in perpetual motion. For instance, in a quantity of seemingly immobile air, molecules of nitrogen and oxygen are constantly bouncing of f each other. There is even some miniscule degree of diffusion in solids, which rises in proportion to the temperature of the substance. 2. What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in CaH2? A. +1 B. 1 C. 0 D. +2 Explanation: The oxidation number of the hydrogen in CaH2 is –1. The oxidation number is the positive or negative charge of a monoatomic ion. In other words, the oxidation number is the numerical charge on an ion. An ion is a charged version of an element. Oxidation number is often referred to as oxidation state. Oxidation number is sometimes used to describe the number of electrons that must be added or removed from an atom in order to convert the atom to its elemental form. 3. Which of the following does not exist as a diatomic molecule? A. boron B. fluorine C. oxygen D. nitrogen Explanation: Boron does not exist as a diatomic molecule. The other possible answer choices, fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen, all exist as diatomic molecules. A diatomic molecule always appears in nature as a pair: The word diatomic means “having two atoms.” With the exception of astatine, all of the halogens are diatomic. Chemistry students often use the mnemonic BrINClHOF (pronounced “brinkelhoff”) to remember all of the diatomic elements: bromine, iodine, nitrogen, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluorine. Note that not all of these diatomic elements are halogens. 4. What is another name for aqueous HI? A. hydroiodate acid B. hydrogen monoiodide C. hydrogen iodide D. hydriodic acid Explanation: Hydriodic acid is another name for aqueous HI. In an aqueous solution, the solvent is water. Hydriodic acid is a polyatomic ion, meaning that it is composed of two or more elements. When this solution has an increased amount of oxygen, the -ate suffix on the first word is converted to -ic. The HESI exam will require you to know the fundamentals of naming chemicals. This process can be quite complex, so you should carefully review this material before your exam. 5. Which of the following could be an empirical formula? A. C4H8 B. C2H6 C. CH D. C3H6 Explanation: CH could be an empirical formula. An empirical formula is the smallest expression of a chemical formula. To be empirical, a formula must be incapable of being reduced. For this reason, answer choices A, B, and D are incorrect, as they could all be reduced to a simpler form. Note that empirical formulas are not the same as compounds, which do not have to be irreducible. Two compounds can have the same empirical formula but different molecular formulas. The molecular formula is the actual number of atoms in the molecule. 6. What is the name for the reactant that is entirely consumed by the reaction? A. limiting reactant B. reducing agent C. reaction intermediate D. reagent 7. What is the name for the horizontal rows of the periodic table? A. groups B. periods C. families D. sets Explanation: The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods. The vertical columns of the periodic table are known as groups or families. All of the elements in a group have similar properties. The relationships between the elements in each period are similar as you move from left to right. The periodic table was developed by Dmitri Mendeleev to organize the known elements according to their similarities. New elements can be added to the periodic table without necessitating a redesign. 8. What is the mass (in grams) of 7.35 mol water? A. 10.7 g B. 18 g C. 132 g D. 180.6 g Explanation: The mass of 7.35 mol water is 132 grams. You should be able to find the mass of various chemical compounds when you are given the number of mols. The information required to perform this function is included on the periodic table. To solve this problem, find the molecular mass of water by finding the respective weights of hydrogen and oxygen. Remember that water contains two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule. The molecular mass of hydrogen is roughly 1, and the molecular mass of oxygen is roughly 16. A molecule of water, then, has approximately 18 grams of mass. Multiply this by 7.35 mol, and you will obtain the answer 132.3, which is closest to answer choice C. 9. Which of the following orbitals is the last to fill? A. 1s B. 3s C. 4p D. 6s Explanation: Of these orbitals, the last to fill is 6s. Orbitals fill in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, and 7p. The number is the orbital number, and the letter is the sublevel identification. Sublevel s has one orbital and can hold a maximum of two electrons. Sublevel p has three orbitals and can hold a maximum of six electrons. Sublevel d has five orbitals and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. Sublevel f has seven orbitals and can hold a maximum of 14 electrons. 10. What is the name of the binary molecular compound NO5? A. nitro pentoxide B. ammonium pentoxide C. nitrogen pentoxide D. pentnitrogen oxide Explanation: Nitrogen pentoxide is the name of the binary molecular compound NO5. The format given in answer choice C is appropriate when dealing with two nonmetals. A prefix is used to denote the number of atoms of each element. Note that when there are seven atoms of a given element, the prefix hepta- is used instead of the usual septa-. Also, when the first atom in this kind of binary molecular compound is single, it does not need to be given the prefix mono-. 11. What is the mass (in grams) of 1.0 mol oxygen gas? A. 12 g B. 16 g C. 28 g D. 32 g Explanation: The mass of 1.0 mol oxygen gas is 32 grams. The molar mass of oxygen can be obtained from the periodic table. In most versions of the table, the molar mass of the element is directly beneath the full name of the element. There is a little trick to this question. Oxygen is a so the correct answer to the problem is 32. 12. Which kind of radiation has no charge? A. beta B. alpha C. delta D. gamma Explanation: Gamma radiation has no charge. This form of electromagnetic radiation can travel a long distance and can penetrate the human body. Sunlight and radio waves are both examples of gamma radiation. Alpha radiation has a 2+ charge. It only travels short distances and cannot penetrate clothing or skin. Radium and uranium both emit alpha radiation. Beta radiation has a 1– charge. It can travel several feet through the air and is capable of penetrating the skin. This kind of radiation can be damaging to health over a long period of exposure. There is no such thing as delta radiation. 13. What is the name of the state in which forward and reverse chemical reactions are occurring at the same rate? A. equilibrium B. constancy C. stability D. toxicity Explanation: When forward and reverse chemical reactions are taking place at the same rate, a equilibrium indefinitely. One of the common tasks in the chemistry lab is to find the equilibrium constant (or set of relative concentrations that result in equilibrium) for a given reaction. In thermal equilibrium, there is no net heat exchange between a body and its surroundings. In dynamic equilibrium, any motion in one direction is offset by an equal motion in the other direction.