Cooper ABA ch 9 with correct Answers

multiple baseline design - ANSWER-responses are identified and measured over time to provide baseline; experimenter applies an experimental variable to one behavior, produces a change in, notes little or no change in the other baselines; experimenter applies the experimental variable to one of the other unchanged responses; if it changes the experimental variable is effective and the prior change was not a matter of coincidence; the variable is then applied to other responses; the experimenter is attempting to show that there is a reliable experimental variable behaviors for multiple baseline design - ANSWER-when the target behavior is likely to be irreversible or when it is undesirable, impractical or unethical to reverse conditions minimum number of baselines for a functional relationship - ANSWER-when using multiple baseline design, the consumer of research decides; enough replications to convince those who will be asked to respond to the experiment; 3-5 tiers are common assumptions of multiple baseline designs - ANSWER-behavior and its relation to controlling variables guidelines for multiple baseline designs - ANSWER-select independent yet functionally similar baselines, select concurrent and plausibly related multiple baselines, do not apply the independent variable to the next behavior too soon, vary significantly the lengths of multiple baselines, intervene on the most stable baseline first multiple probe design - ANSWER-a method of analyzing the relation between the independent variable and the acquisition of a successive approximation or task sequence; intermittent measures provide the basis for determining whether behavior change has occurred prior to intervention delayed multiple baseline design - ANSWER-an initial baseline and intervention are begun and subsequent baselines are added in a staggering or delayed fashion; may allow the behavior analyst to conduct research when other experimental tactics cannot be implemented advantages of multiple baseline design - ANSWER-does not require withdrawing a seemingly effective treatment to demonstrate experimental control; applies the independent variable across multiple behaviors, settings and subjects; useful in assessing the occurrence of generalization of behavior changes; easy to conceptualize disadvantages of multiple baseline design - ANSWER-may not allow a demonstration of experimental control even though a functional relation exists; weaker method for showing experimental control because verification of the baseline prediction is not directly demonstrated with that behavior but must be inferred from the lack of change in other behaviors; provides more information about the effectiveness of the treatment variable than it does about the function of any particular target behavior changing criterion design - ANSWER-used to evaluate the effects of a treatment that is applied in a graduated or stepwise fashion to a single target behavior; initial baseline observations are made on a single target behavior, followed by implementation of a treatment program in each of a series of treatment phases, each treatment phase has a step-wise change in criterion rate for the target behavior meaning that each phase of the design provides a baseline for the following phase, when the rate of the target behavior changes with each change in the criterion therapeutic change is replicated and experimental control is demonstrated; can only be used with target behaviors that are already in the subject's repertoire logic of changing criterion design - ANSWER-can be conceptualized as a method of analyzing the development of new behaviors and can be an effective tactic for showing the repeated production of new rates of behavior as a function of manipulations of the independent variable