PHYSICAL SEPARATION METHODS
2_B_Jala Mustafayeva
Evaporation is a separation method for homogeneous mixtures containing one or
even more dissolved minerals (salt+water). The liquid components are kept away
from the solid components using this method. The operation basically requires heating
up the combination until it no longer contains any liquid.
Table salt is produced from the evaporation of seawater in several regions of the
world. The sun is the source of heat for the process.
Distillation is a common way of differentiating parts based on boiling point
differences (acetone+water). In this process, a mixture is heated to form a vapor,
then by cooling the vapor, we can obtain the liquid. When the boiling difference
between two boiling points is less than 25 degrees Celsius, simple distillation
will not work. This is due to the fact that the components are not entirely
disconnected and purified.
Chromatography is a bunch of analysis methods to separate complex mixtures for
further use or studies.
One type of chromatography is adsorption chromatography (coal+brown NO2; coal
absorbs the gas and the brown color disappears). It is related to the fact that certain solid substances,
called adsorbents, have the ability to absorb molecules at their surface. The mixture is partitioned when
a gas or liquid combination goes over an adsorbent. The adsorption rate may depend on the temperature,
the selection of the adsorbent and solvent, etc.
Filtration is passing a mixture through a filter to separate an insoluble solid component
from its liquid component (sand+water). The desired product may be the clarified liquid
or the solid matter separated from the liquid. During filtration, gravity plays an important
role, as without gravity pouring through filtration paper is technically impossible.
Magnetic separation is a separation method based on
differences in the magnetic properties of substances. It is a strategy for
separating components of mixtures by using a magnet to attract magnetic
materials. Magnetic separation is also used in several industries: to recover
aluminum tins from household garbage, to eliminate metal particles from silica
sand used in glass production, etc.
2_B_Jala Mustafayeva
Evaporation is a separation method for homogeneous mixtures containing one or
even more dissolved minerals (salt+water). The liquid components are kept away
from the solid components using this method. The operation basically requires heating
up the combination until it no longer contains any liquid.
Table salt is produced from the evaporation of seawater in several regions of the
world. The sun is the source of heat for the process.
Distillation is a common way of differentiating parts based on boiling point
differences (acetone+water). In this process, a mixture is heated to form a vapor,
then by cooling the vapor, we can obtain the liquid. When the boiling difference
between two boiling points is less than 25 degrees Celsius, simple distillation
will not work. This is due to the fact that the components are not entirely
disconnected and purified.
Chromatography is a bunch of analysis methods to separate complex mixtures for
further use or studies.
One type of chromatography is adsorption chromatography (coal+brown NO2; coal
absorbs the gas and the brown color disappears). It is related to the fact that certain solid substances,
called adsorbents, have the ability to absorb molecules at their surface. The mixture is partitioned when
a gas or liquid combination goes over an adsorbent. The adsorption rate may depend on the temperature,
the selection of the adsorbent and solvent, etc.
Filtration is passing a mixture through a filter to separate an insoluble solid component
from its liquid component (sand+water). The desired product may be the clarified liquid
or the solid matter separated from the liquid. During filtration, gravity plays an important
role, as without gravity pouring through filtration paper is technically impossible.
Magnetic separation is a separation method based on
differences in the magnetic properties of substances. It is a strategy for
separating components of mixtures by using a magnet to attract magnetic
materials. Magnetic separation is also used in several industries: to recover
aluminum tins from household garbage, to eliminate metal particles from silica
sand used in glass production, etc.
