Test Bank for Success in Practical Vocational Nursing 9th Edition by Knecht.

Chapter 04: How Practical/Vocational Nursing Evolved: 1836 to the Present Knecht: Success in Practical/Vocational Nursing MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The “first real school of nursing” was located in a. Israel. b. Greece. c. Italy. d. Germany. ANS: D The first real school of nursing was founded by the Lutheran Order of Deaconesses under the supervision of a German pastor, Theodor Fleidner, in Kaiserswerth, Germany. The other options are incorrect. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 50 OBJ: 1 TOP: History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 2. The best reason for studying nursing history is a. to prepare for the NCLEX-PN examination. b. to make nurses more professional. c. to help nurses adapt to change. d. to learn from nursing’s past mistakes. ANS: C Knowledge of the changes that have occurred in nursing prepares one to better understand and adapt to continuing changes. The other options have lesser degrees of validity. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 50 OBJ: N/A TOP: Change in nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 3. When was the first U.S. school of practical nursing founded? a. 1830 b. 1853 c. 1892 d. 1902 ANS: C The first class for formal training of practical nurses was offered in 1892 at the YWCA in Brooklyn, NY. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 50 OBJ: 1 TOP: History—first PN school KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 4. In what year was practical nurse licensure used for the first time? a. 1903 b. 1914 c. 1938 d. 1941 ANS: B Mississippi law provided for practical nurse licensure in 1914. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 57 OBJ: 4 TOP: Practical nurse licensure KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 5. The emergence of modern nursing is usually attributed to the influence of a. Florence Nightingale. b. Clara Barton. c. Lillian Wald. d. Sairy Gamp. ANS: A Miss Nightingale’s insistence that nurses be women of good character helped nursing emerge from its “Dark Ages” and elevated it to a respectable vocation. In addition, she established a school for nurse training and wrote several books on nursing. Although Barton and Wald are positive examples in nursing history, neither influenced nursing to the extent that Nightingale did. Sairy Gamp is a negative character associated with nursing history. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: pp. 52-55 OBJ: 2 TOP: Florence Nightingale KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 6. The first formal training for practical nurses focused on a. care for victims of war injuries. b. home care for children and people with chronic illness. c. training visiting nurses and public health nurses. d. creating nursing instructors for nursing programs. ANS: B The school at the Brooklyn YWCA placed the focus of training for practical nurses on home health care for patients with chronic illness, the aged, and children. The first program, created in 1892, was not affected by war. When visiting nurses and public health nurses went into the community, they were armed with their basic education, as described. Any trained nurse could teach in a practical nurse program at this point in time. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 57 | p. 58 OBJ: 1 TOP: History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 7. The event that had the greatest influence on the role of practical nurses in modern hospital nursing was a. the Crusades. b. the Industrial Revolution. c. the U.S. Civil War. d. World War II. ANS: D World War II and the shortage of nurses it created greatly expanded the practice sites available to practical nurses. In the face of the nursing shortage, hospitals gradually increased the responsibilities designated for the practical nurse. The other options had a lesser impact on modern hospital nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 58 | p. 59 OBJ: 3 | 6 TOP: PN role change KEY: Nursing Proc ess Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 8. When in history was it first recommended that tasks of the RN and LPN be differentiated and that practical nurses should function under the supervision of registered nurses? a. b. c. d. ANS: C In 1949, the Joint Committee on Practical Nurses and Auxiliary Workers in Nursing Services recommended the title licensed practical nurse to differentiate between the tasks of PNs and LPNs; the joint committee also recommended that LPNs work under the supervision of RNs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 59 OBJ: 4 TOP: LPN task differentiation KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 9. The role of self-defined practical nurses throughout history has been to a. care for the ill, injured, and dying and birthing mothers. b. compete with physicians and surgeons. c. perform complex nursing skills independently. d. make contact with the gods on behalf of the ill person. ANS: A History has seen people called attendants, midwives, and self-proclaimed nurses who had special skills in helping those who were ill. These self-proclaimed nurses were the original home health nurses and visiting nurses, who cared for patients who were ill, injured, or dying and mothers who were giving birth. The other options were never considered roles of the practical nurse. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 56 OBJ: 4 TOP: Role of self-proclaimed nurses KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A 10. The event that had the most profound influence in changing practical/vocational nursing was a. the depression of the 1930s, when nurses worked for room and board in lieu of salary. b. the World War II movement of practical/vocational nurses into hospital positions. c. the American Medical Association (AMA) proposal to develop registered care technicians as new health care workers. d. the first computer-adaptive test for practical/vocational nursing graduates. ANS: B The nursing shortage following World War II was responsible for hospitals hiring practical/vocational nurses and for the gradual expansion of the role of the practical/vocational nurse. None of the other options offered had the same degree of influence as World War II and the subsequent nursing shortage. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 58 | p. 59 OBJ: 6 TOP: History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A