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Samenvatting Medicinale chemie boek 2

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Schema medicinale chemie boek 2

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December 30, 2022
Number of pages
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Written in
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Peptidehormonen en neurohormonen
 Diabetes
o Insuline analogen (ultrasnel) : destabilisatie hexameerkristallen in aanwezigheid van
Zn
 Insuline lispro
 Insuline aspart
 Insuline glulisine (traag): multimeren (≠ kristallen met polymeer ipv Zn)
o Insuline analogen (vertraagd)
 Insuline glargine: arginines (verhoging iso-elektrisch punt + vorming stabiele
kristallen) + glycine (kristallen minder stabiel)
 Insuline detimir en degludec (vetzuur  binding albumine)
 Oplosbaarheid + transport
 Afbraak + filtratie thv nier
 Degludec : aanleiding tot filamenten die bestaan uit vele hexameren
 depotwerking
o Verbetering vrijgave insuline
 Sulfonylurea
 Nabootsing of versterking incretines
 Inhibitoren (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DDP4) (type 2): amide en
carbonyl  interactie actieve plaats
o Vildagliptine en saxagliptine: pirolidine ring (binding DDP4)
+ nitril (ipv amide dat gehydrolyseerd wordt) + grote groep
(sterische hinder  stabilisatie cis rotameer)
 Saxagliptine : extra groep op pirolidine 
stabilisatie trans rotameer
o Sitagliptine: triazolpiperidine (piperidine voor binding, maar
alleen slechte orale beschikbaarheid) + trifluoromethaan
(interactie katalytische serine)
o Linagliptine (non-peptidomimetics)
o Alogliptine (non-peptidomimetics)
 Incretine mimetica (GLP1 agonisten) (type 2): glycine (minder
afbraak door DDP4)
o Exenatide
o Lixisenatide: lysine staart (bescherming tegen afbraak C-
terminus)
o Liraglutide : vetzuur (idem insuline)
o Semaglutide : onnatuurlijk AZ (minder afbraak door DDP4) +
extra linker in vetzuur (optimale interactie GLP1-receptor)
o Dulaglutide (antilichaam, peptibody) : glycine (minste
sterische hindering tussen ketens)
 Bevordering excretie glucose
 Inhibitoren Na/glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) in nieren
o Canagliflozine
o Dapagliflozine
o Empagliflozine
 Vermindering opname glucose (acarbose): pseudo-oligosaccharide

,  Cardiovasculair systeem
o ACE inhibitoren (metalloprotease, Zn): metaalcomplexerende groep
 Captopril
 Zofenopril
 Enalapril
 Ramipril
 Lisinopril
 Fosinopril
 Quinapril
 Perindopril
 Cilazapril
o Angiotensine 1 receptor antagonisten (sartanen): vrije COOH + heterocyclische
aromatische ring + alkylketen aan ring + zuurgroep op ring + grote groep aan
heterocyclische ring
 Losartan
 Valsartan
 Telmisartan
 Irbesartan
 Candesartan
 Olmesartan
o Endothelinereceptor antagonisten
 Bosentan
 Macisentan
 Ambrisentan
o Atriale natriurese factor (ANF)
 Neprilysine (ANF afbraak, metalloprotease, Zn) inhibitor (sacubutril): COOH
complexeert Zn

Enkefalines, endorfines en opiaatanalgetica
 N:
o Kleine substituent  agonist
o Grote substituent  antagonist
o Aromatische substituent  agonist
o Tertiair  door BH-barrière  effect op CZ
o Quaternair  niet door BH-barrière
 Exogene opioiden (agonisten morfine receptor (mu))
o Morfinederivaten
 Pijn
 Hydromorfon
 Oxycodon
 Etorfine
 Buprenorfine
 Antitussivum
 Codeïne
 Ethylmorfine
 Dihydrocodeïne
 Buprenorfine
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