JMU Bio 140 Exam 1 With Correct Answers

What are the steps in the scientific method? - Answer -exploration and discovery -testing ideas -community analysis and feedback -benefits and outcomes Define Theory - Answer A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of gives that have been repeatedly confirmed The earth's crust consist mainly of what elements? - Answer oxygen and silicon The human body consist mainly of what elements? - Answer oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen Are viruses made of cells? - Answer no What is the central dogma? - Answer DNA -> RNA -> Protein When simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules, the entropy inside the cell __________. - Answer decreases When energy is released as heat, what happens to the entropy? - Answer the entropy increases Humans and chimpanzees share _______% of our DNA. - Answer 98.8 What do nodes do? - Answer indicate a common ancestor What makes a good hypothesis? - Answer a prediction about observations not yet made and can be tested by experiment or further observation What are the characteristics of life? - Answer -complexity -ability to change in response to the environment -ability to reproduce -capacity to evolve What two elements make up 99% of matter? - Answer hydrogen and helium What is the first law of thermodynamics? - Answer energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another What is the second law of thermodynamics? - Answer the degree of disorder in the universe tends to increase The amount of disorder in a system is the ________ of the system - Answer entropy Who completed the experiment with rotting meat? - Answer Francesco Redi What did Francesco Redi's experiment prove? - Answer living things only come from other living things What was the hypothesis which Louis Pasture tested? - Answer that microorganisms can arise by spontaneous generation What did Louis Pasture's experiment prove? - Answer that microbes carried on airborne dust particles is necessary for microbial growth Define plasma membrane - Answer separates the living material within the cell from the nonliving environment around it What is the main difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes? - Answer prokaryotes do not have a nucleus What are the two sources by which organisms acquire energy? - Answer sun and chemical compounds Define metabolism - Answer chemical reactions by which cells convert energy from one form to another and build and breakdown molcules Define ATP - Answer stored energy in a chemical form How does a virus spread? - Answer hijacks a cell Define natural selection - Answer the process whereby organisms better adapt to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring Define environmental variation - Answer different environments have an effect on the organism Define genetic variation - Answer difference in genetic material that is transmitted from parents to offspring Define ecology - Answer the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment in nature Elements are made up of _______ type(s) of atom(s) - Answer one Atoms are made up of what? - Answer -protons -neutrons -electron Atoms' nucleus is made of what? - Answer protons and neutrons What is the charge of protons? - Answer positive What is the charge of a neutron? - Answer neutral