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Samenvatting Methodologie: kwalitatief onderzoek

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Samenvatting Methodologie: kwalitatief onderzoek

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METHODOLOGIE:
KWALITATIEF ONDERZOEK
Samenvatting




Brysse Yme
UGent

0

,1

,Inhoud
1. Wetenschapsfilosofie ......................................................................................................... 8
1.1. Wat is wetenschap?..................................................................................................... 8
1.2. Filosofie........................................................................................................................ 9
1.2.1. Is wetenschap waar? ............................................................................................ 9
1.2.2. Is wetenschap zeker? ......................................................................................... 11
1.2.3. Is wetenschap objectief? .................................................................................... 12
1.2.4. Is wetenschap tegengesteld aan filosofie, religie of kunst? .............................. 15
2. Basisdenkkaders en de eigenheid van kwalitatief onderzoek ......................................... 18
3. De eigenheid van kwalitatief onderzoek.......................................................................... 20
3.1. Wat is kwalitatief onderzoek? ................................................................................... 20
3.2. De belangrijkste kenmerken van kwalitatief onderzoek ........................................... 20
3.3. De plaats van theorie in kwalitatief onderzoek......................................................... 25
3.4. De bruikbaarheid van kwalitatief onderzoek in gezondheidszorg ............................ 26
3.5. Kiezen voor een benadering voor gezondheidsonderzoek ....................................... 26
3.6. Problemen in kwalitatief onderzoek ......................................................................... 27
4. Het paradigma debat: de plaats van kwalitatief onderzoek ............................................ 30
4.1. Theoretisch kader en ontologisch positie ................................................................. 30
4.2. Het natuurwetenschappelijk model .......................................................................... 31
4.3. Het paradigma debat ................................................................................................. 33
4.3.1. Er zijn 2 crisissen/elementen ............................................................................. 33
4.3.2. Postmodernisme en sociaal constructivisme ..................................................... 35
4.4. Conflicterende of complementaire benaderingen? .................................................. 36
5. De eerste stappen in het onderzoeksproces ................................................................... 38
5.1. Selecteren en formuleren van de onderzoeksvraag ................................................. 38
5.2. Het literatuurreview .................................................................................................. 40
5.2.1. Het gebruik van literatuur in kwalitatief onderzoek .......................................... 40
5.2.2. Praktisch ............................................................................................................. 41
5.3. Schrijven van een onderzoeksvoorstel ...................................................................... 42
5.3.1. Structuur van het onderzoeksvoorstel ............................................................... 42
5.4. Toegang tot de setting ............................................................................................... 45
6. Interviewen ...................................................................................................................... 46

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, 6.1. Interviews als databronnen ....................................................................................... 46
6.2. Het interviewproces .................................................................................................. 46
6.3. Types van interview ................................................................................................... 47
6.4. Opbouw van een interview ....................................................................................... 50
6.4.1. Interviewvragen ................................................................................................. 50
6.4.2. Interviewguide ................................................................................................... 52
6.5. Context van het interview ......................................................................................... 53
6.6. Relatie interviewer – geïnterviewde ......................................................................... 54
6.7. Uitdagingen bij interviews ......................................................................................... 54
6.8. Interviews via elektronische media ........................................................................... 55
6.9. Sterktes en zwaktes van interviewen ........................................................................ 56
7. Participant observatie en documenten als databronnen ................................................ 58
7.1. Participant observatie ............................................................................................... 58
7.2. Onderdompeling in cultuur en setting ...................................................................... 59
7.2.1. Focus en setting.................................................................................................. 59
7.2.2. Types van observatie .......................................................................................... 60
7.2.3. Voortgang en proces .......................................................................................... 61
7.2.4. Technische procedures en praktische tips ......................................................... 62
7.3. Documentaire brondata ............................................................................................ 63
7.4. Beelden als brondata ................................................................................................. 65
7.5. Validiteit van data ...................................................................................................... 66
8. Focusgroepen als kwalitatief onderzoek.......................................................................... 68
8.1. Wat is een focusgroep ............................................................................................... 68
8.2. De oorsprong en het nut van focusgroepen ............................................................. 69
8.3. Sample grootte en compositie .................................................................................. 69
8.4. Focusgroep interviews afnemen ............................................................................... 70
8.5. Analyseren en rapporteren van focusgroep data ..................................................... 71
8.6. Voordelen en beperkingen van focusgroepen .......................................................... 71
8.7. Kritische commentaren op focusgroep interviews in de gezondheidszorg .............. 72
9. Steekproefselectie ............................................................................................................ 74
9.1. Purposeful sampling .................................................................................................. 75
9.2. Types van sampling.................................................................................................... 76

3

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