NR 509 Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest 2021/2022(100% Guaranteed success)

NR 509 Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest 2021/2022(100% Guaranteed success) Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than testosterone Correct Answer- psychologic Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if Correct Answer- early morning erection is preserved. it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system, impaired neural innervation, and diabetes When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do when the arm Correct Answer- may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling of skin or retraction when arms are lifted over head or hands are pressed against hips) Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility Correct Answer- very mobile/mobile Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________ Correct Answer- BSE Breast stage 1 Correct Answer- preadolescent- elevation of nipple only Breast stage 2 Correct Answer- breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a small mound; enlargement of areolar diameter breast stage 3 Correct Answer- further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola, with no separation of their contours breast stage 4 Correct Answer- projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound above the level of breast breast stage 5 Correct Answer- mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has receded to general contour of the breast (although in some individuals the areola continues to form a secondary mound) Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute Correct Answer- epigastric, may radiation straight to the back of other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic Correct Answer- epigastric, radiating to back Know how hepatitis A is transmitted Correct Answer- Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal shedding followed by poor handwashing contaminates water and foods leading to infection of household and sexual contacts Stress incontinence Correct Answer- the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient increases in intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels that exceed urethral resistance. Causes include childbirth and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and urethral infection. May follow prostate surgery in men. urge incontinence Correct Answer- detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and overcome the normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small. Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of detrusor contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and lesions of the spinal cord above sacral level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie: bladder infections, tumors, and fecal impaction. Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes. overflow incontinence Correct Answer- detrusor contractions are insufficient to overcome urethral resistance, causing urinary retention. The bladder is typically flaccid and large, even after an effort to void. Mechanisms: obstruction of the bladder outlet ie: BPH or tumor. Weakness of the detrusor muscle associated with peripheral nerve disease at S2-4 level. Impaired bladder sensation that interrupts the reflex arc ie: diabetic neuropathy. functional incontinence Correct Answer- the patient is functionally able to reach the toilet in time because of impaired health or environmental conditions. Mechanism: problems in mobility resulting from weakness, arthritis, poor vision, or other conditions. Also environmental factors such as an unfamiliar setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails, or physical restraints. Incontinence secondary to medications Correct Answer- drugs may contribute to any type of incontinence listed. Ex: sedatives, tranquilizers, anticholinergics, sympathetic blockers, and potent diuretics