Hesi A&P Study Guide . Latest exam review questions and answers.

Hesi A&P Study Guide . Latest exam review questions and answers. The structural makeup of an organism - Anatomy The study of anatomy concerned with microscopic features of the body - Fine Anatomy The study of anatomy concerned with the features of the body visible without a microscope. - Gross Anatomy Refers to the functions of an organism, and it examines the chemical or physical functions that help the body fuction appropriately. - Physiology All parts of the human body are build of individual units called: - Cells Groups of similar cells are arranged into: - Tissues Different tissues are arranged into: - Organs Organs working togther form: - Organ Systems The human body has twelve organ systems that govern: - Circulation, digestion, immunity, hormones, movement, support, coordination, urination, excretion, reproduction, respiration, and general protection. Body Cavities - Different hollow spaces that house organs in the body. Cranial Cavity - The cranial cavity is surrounded by the skull and contains organs such as the brain and pituitary gland. Thoracic Cavity - The thoracic cavity is encircled by the sternum (breastbone) and ribs. It contains organs such as the brain and pituitary gland. Abdominal Cavity - The abdominal cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm. It contains organs such as the stomach, gallbladder, liver, small intestines, and large intestines. The abdominal organs are held in place by a membrane called the peritoneum. Pelvic Cavity - The pelvic cavity is enclosed by the pelvis, or bones of the hip. It contains organs such as the urinary bladder, urethra, ureters, anus, and rectum. It contains the reproductive organs as well. In females, the pelvic cavity also contains the uterus. Spinal Cavity - The spinal cavity is surrounded by the vertebral column. The vertebral column has five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. The spinal cord runs through the middle of the spinal cavity. The three primary planes of the human body are: - frontal, saggital, and transverse. Frontal/Coronal plane: - a vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into a front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions. Saggital/Lateral plane: - a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts Transverse plane: - a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions Anatomic Position: - The body and head are straight up and, the feet are close but not touching, and the hands are pointed forward. Medial - Refers to a structure being closer to the midline of the body. For example, the nose is medial to the eyes. Lateral: - Refers to a structure being farther from the midline of the body, and is the opposite of medial. For example, the eyes are lateral to the nose.