EMT Trauma Fisdap exam with 100% correct answers 2022

EMT Trauma Fisdap Treatment for a patient with full-thickness burns - Correct answer-High-flow oxygen; dry, sterile dressings; thermal management (keep patient warm); provide rapid transport What should you do if there is a major hemorrhage in a patient? - Correct answer-Apply a proximal tourniquet to stop the bleeding immediately. Then turn to patient's airway and breathing status (CAB) How do you care for a partially amputated extremity? - Correct answer-Control bleeding with bulky compression (pressure) dressings and splint extremity to prevent further injury Injury to the cervical spine from a hanging occurs through - Correct answer-distraction, or stretching, of the vertebrae and spinal cord What is a subluxation - Correct answer-a partial or incomplete dislocation; this is an injury, not an injury mechanism Injuries related to Hyperextension mechanisms - Correct answer-Patients who strike their head on the windshield during a mvc Axial Loading MOI - Correct answer-The spinal column is compressed vertically; injuries after diving head first into shallow water and lumbar spine injuries after a fall from a significant height and landing feet first What does cold, pale skin and an absent distal pulse indicate in a limb? - Correct answer-Indicates that blood flow distal to the injury is compromised How do you make one attempt to restore distal circulation? - Correct answer-By applying gentle manual traction in line with the long axis of the limb What can you do to a limb after distal circulation is restored? - Correct answer-Splint the limb in whatever position allows the strongest distal pulse, elevate limb above level of the heart to help minimize swelling, and an icepack may also help reduce pain and swelling What is a flail chest? - Correct answer-Occurs when several ribs are fractured in more than one place; the result is a free-floating section of ribs (flail segment) that collapses during inhalation and bulges out during exhalation (paradoxical chest movement) What happens as the flail segment (flail chest) collapses? - Correct answer-The lung is compressed and ventilation is impaired. Treatment should include PPV and prompt transport. 12 Injuries or clinical findings that warrant transport to a high level trauma center: - Correct answer--GCS equal or less than 13 after trauma -systolic BP less than 90 mm Hg -Resp. rate less than 10 or greater than 29 breaths/min -need for ventilatory support -all penetrating injuries to the head, neck, torso or extremities proximal to the knee or elbow -chest wall instability or deformity (flail chest) -two or more proximal long bone fractures -a crushed, degloved, mangled or pulseless extremity -amputation proximal to the ankle or wrist -pelvic fractures -open or depressed skull fracture -paralysis What happens to the skin of the body when the body attempts to compensate for shock? - Correct answer-Peripheral vasoconstriction shunts blood away from the skin to the more vital organs in the body What should you do if your patient's condition deteriorates en route to a trauma center? - Correct answer-Ex: increased respiratory rate; immediately repeat the primary assessment and adjust your treatment accordingly. After stabilization, reassess vital signs, including oxygen sat., and notify the receiving facility Primary blast injury - Correct answer-Direct result of the pressure wave that occurs during an explosion. Hollow organs are most susceptible and ruptured tympanic membrane is most common injury Secondary blast injury - Correct answer-When shrapnel and other debris are propelled away from explosion, resulting in impalement injuries Tertiary blast phase - Correct answer-Blunt traumatic injuries (skull fracture, spinal injury) when the person is propelled away from the explosion and strikes a solid object Hyphema - Correct answer-blood in the anterior chamber of the eye resulting from blunt trauma. Obscures a portion of or the entire iris Fracture of orbital floor (blowout fracture) symptoms - Correct answer-Double vision and an inability to move eyes above the midline (paralysis of upward gaze) following blunt facial trauma Mechanism of an orbital blowout fracture - Correct answer-Fragments of fractured bone can entrap some of the muscles controlling eye movement anisocoria - Correct answer-Unequal pupils following head trauma indicated increased intracranial pressure What conditions make external bleeding difficult to control? - Correct answer-The larger the size and type of blood vessel (artery vs. vein) injured and the higher the patient's blood pressure Most common Decompensated shock sign - Correct answer-Hypotension Early signs of shock - Correct answer-restlessness, anxiety, pale skin, tachycardia (high HR), tachypnea (high RR), diaphoretic Treatment for patient with significant head injury - Correct answer--high flow oxygen -assisting ventilations -immobilizing entire spine -transporting promptly -monitor for vomiting Most reliable indicator of a a fracture to a spinal vertebra - Correct answer-Presence of palpable pain (point tenderness directly over injury site) GCS assesses three neurologic parameters: - Correct answer--eye opening -verbal response -motor response Asymmetrical chest wall movement - Correct answer-When one side of the chest moves less than the other; indicates decreased air movement into one lung (pneumo or hemothorax). Overall sign of decreased air movement into one lung Care for musculoskeletal injuries - Correct answer-Assessing distal circulatory, sensory and motor functions before and after applying a splint S/S of severe brain trauma - Correct answer--decreased LOC -hypertension -bradycardia -irregular breathing -posturing Hemopytsis - Correct answer-Coughing up blood--suggests injury to or bleeding within the lungs Hematemesis - Correct answer-Vomiting of bright or dark red blood--suggests GI bleeding Intra-abdominal bleeding signs - Correct answer-Presents with signs of shock as well as: -abdominal pain -guarding -rigidity -bruising -distention Adult Rule of Nines - Correct answer-Burn assessment. Head-9 Chest and abdomen-18 Full back-18 Full arm-9 Groin-1 Full leg-18 Two immediate life threats from Jugular vein lacerations: - Correct answer-Entrainment of air into the wound (causing fatal air embolism) and severe external bleeding. Apply occlusive dressing and then cover occlusive dressing with bulky (pressure) dressings to control external bleeding S/S of closed head injuries - Correct answer--pupillary abnormalities -Cushing's triad: hypertension, bradycardia, abnormal breathing (slow and irregular to rapid and deep) Cushing's triad - Correct answer-three classic signs—bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea—(slow and irregular to rapid and deep) Pericardial tamponade (usually caused by a penetrating chest trauma): - Correct answer-Blood collects in the pericardial sac, preventing heart from filling during diastolic phase and causing a decrease in cardiac output and blood pressure S/S of pericardial tamponade - Correct answer--Muffled/distant heart tones -rapid, weak pulse -hypotension -jugular venous distention (JVD) -narrowing pulse pressure Treatment for pericardial tamponade (penetrating trauma) - Correct answer--Adequate oxygenation and ventilation -covering chest wound with occlusive dressing -controlling any external bleeding -transport rapidly S/S of upper airway burns - Correct answer--Respiratory distress -singed facial and/or nasal hairs -brassy cough -difficulty breathing