NUR 641E MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Prodrug CORRECT ANSWER An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body. -Cytochrome P450 -Ex. Aspirin, psilocybin, heroin Bioavailability CORRECT ANSWER the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used -Affected by route of administration and drug dosage -Drug clearance (rate drug leaves circulation) -Steady state concentration -Affected by chemical stability, solubility, and first pass Steady state (of a drug) CORRECT ANSWER stable level of drug in the body, occurs in 5 half-lives of the drug -rate of drug being added to system is equal to amount being eliminated from system Pharmacokinetics CORRECT ANSWER The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. -what the body does to the drug First pass CORRECT ANSWER the fact that a medication in the GI tract passes through the liver before entering other organs does not CORRECT ANSWER bioequivalence does/does not affect bioavailability Bioequivalence CORRECT ANSWER relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs. Bioavailability (is affected by) CORRECT ANSWER -chemical instability -solubility -first pass metabolism Cytochrome P450 CORRECT ANSWER -enzymes that function to metabolize potentially toxic compounds, including drugs and products of endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin, principally in the liver. -genetics influence presence of enzymes -affects metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and statins. -the levels of these drugs are higher when taken with certain drugs that are inhibitors (ex. warfarin with omeprazole) because there is competition for enzyme metabolism. -inducers lead to decreased plasma concentration of drug.