NURS 5334-PHARM: Antimicrobials part 2/ Module 2 UTA questions correctly answered 2022

NURS 5334-PHARM: Antimicrobials part 2/ Module 2 UTA questions correctly answered 2022Tetracycline MOA •Broad-spectrum antibiotics •Inhibit protein synthesis •Increasing bacterial resistance has emerged Tetracyclines (Four medications in the tetracycline family) *Each med ends in "Cycline" -Tetracycline -Doxycycline -Demeclocycline -Minocycline-Tetracycline -Doxycycline -Demeclocycline -Minocycline Tetracycline uses/ microbes •Treatment of infectious disease •Treatment of acne •Peptic ulcer disease •Periodontal disease •Rheumatoid arthritis •Mycoplasma pneumoniae •Lyme disease •Anthrax •Helicobacter pylori Tetracycline (adverse effects) •Gastrointestinal irritation •Effects on bone and teeth •Superinfection •Hepatotoxicity •Renal toxicity •Photosensitivity and other effects Tetracycline (avoid taking with) •Milk products •Calcium supplements •Iron supplements •Magnesium-containing laxatives •Most antacids Macrolides (Erythromycin) •Broad-spectrum antibiotic •Mechanism of action (MOA): Inhibition of protein synthesis •Usually bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal •Used if patient is allergic to penicillin •Active against most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria Macrolides (Erythromycin) Therapeutic uses •Whooping cough, acute diphtheria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, chlamydial infections, M. pneumoniae, group A Streptococcus pyogenes •May be used as an alternative to penicillin G in patients with penicillin allergy Macrolides (Erythromycin) Adverse effects •Gastrointestinal •QT prolongation and sudden cardiac death •Superinfections, thrombophlebitis, transient hearing loss Macrolides (Erythromycin) Drug interactions levels of warfarin, theophylline & carbamazepine increase Macroclide (Clindamycin) MOA •Inhibits protein synthesis •Active against most anaerobic bacteria (gram positive and gram negative) •Indicated only for certain anaerobic infections outside the central nervous system (CNS) •Used as an alternative to penicillin Macrolide (Clindamycin) adverse effects •Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea CDAD (BB warning label) •Hepatic toxicity •Blood dyscrasias •Diarrhea •Hypersensitivity reactions Oxazolidinones (Linezolid) •First member of a newer class of antibiotics—Oxazolidinones •Active against multidrug-resistant, gram-positive pathogens VRE, MRSA, •Bacteriostatic inhibitor of protein synthesis •Cross-resistance with other agents unlikely •Active against aerobic and facultative gram-positive bacteria Oxazolidinones (Linezolid) Adverse effects •Diarrhea •Nausea and vomiting •Headache •May also cause myelosuppression (Bone marrow suppression) •Drug interaction with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Ketolide (Telithromycin) -Close relation to macrolide -Works against strep pneumoniae Adverse effects •Severe liver injury •GI effects •Prolonged QT interval *Visual disturbances and muscle weakness in pt with myasthenia gravis (BB warning) Dalfopristin/Quinupristin -First members of the streptogramins (new cl