EMT JB Learning Exam 6 Review 2022/2023 (Graded A)

Bronchitis is characterized by - ANSWER-dyspnea, productive cough. Can be chronic. Bystander CPR is beneficial for cardiac arrest Pt's because... - ANSWER-immediate CPR aids in maintaining correct body chemistry until EMS arrives. Hypoxia - ANSWER-deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues. Signs are... - ANSWER-things that are happening to a Pt. that you can see, hear, smell, and feel. Cool and pale skin, bruising, drop in blood pressure. - ANSWER-Internal bleeding is characterized by what signs? Decreased metabolic rate - ANSWER-Decrease in CO2 Increased CO2 - ANSWER-Increased metabolic rate Signs of pericardial tamponade - ANSWER-faint heart sounds, rapidly narrowing blood pressure, weak pulse. Rate of compressions in CPR - ANSWER-100-120 per minute General assessment - ANSWER-one of the most important parts of initial Pt. assessment. Immobilize above and below injury of a... - ANSWER-joint When observing ventilations on an apneic Pt., you should observe for... - ANSWER-adequate chest rise. When the heart stops, permanent brain damage can occur in.... - ANSWER-4 to 6 minutes What should you immediately do for a Pt. with snoring respirations? - ANSWER-Tilt the head back and lift the chin. After checking for responsiveness in a collapsed Pt., you should then... - ANSWER-check for breathing and a pulse. Your Pt. stops breathing suddenly, what should you do? - ANSWER-Begin positive pressure ventilations (usually with a BVM). What are some considerations you should take when treating a confused elderly Pt.? - ANSWER-Touch them gently and speak slowly and clearly. Femur - ANSWER-largest bone in the body Your major trauma Pt. presents with unresponsiveness, shallow breathing, low B/P, and deformed, swollen, thigh with absent pedal pulse. Your interventions should include... - ANSWER-traction splint the leg, fully immobilize the spine, and rapid transport. intracranial pressure is characterized by... - ANSWER-Increase in blood pressure, increase in respirations, and increase in pulse rate and quality. Normal SpO2 (blood oxygen level or pulse oximetry reading) range - ANSWER-95-100% During C-spine immobilization, the head must be supported until... - ANSWER-the Pt. is fully immobilized and secured to a backboard. Pelvis - ANSWER-formed by the fusion of the Ilium, Ischium, and pubis stoma - ANSWER-Pt's with no larynx must be ventilated through this The cranial cavity - ANSWER-contains the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Advanced Directive or a DNR - ANSWER-must be obtained before stopping CPR at a family member's request. Shock is characterized by - ANSWER-lowering blood pressure, cool skin and tachycardia An unresponsive Pt. with adequate breathing and good respirations should be given... - ANSWER-an OPA and O2 via a non-rebreather mask. traumatic asphyxia is characterized by - ANSWER-bruising of the skin from the shoulders up, bulging eyes, and swelling to the tongue and lips. Sucking chest wound care should include... - ANSWER-seal the would with an occlusive dressing, high-flow O2, and spinal immobilization (if traumatic) A Pt. with blood, sputum, or any fluid in their mouth should be - ANSWER-suctioned. You arrive on scene where bystanders are performing CPR. When you walk up they stop CPR. What should you do first? - ANSWER-Check for breathing and pulse. (Don't assume that bystanders were successful in doing this.) A Pt. with impaled object to the chest should be treated with.... - ANSWER-stabilizing the object, high-flow oxygen, transport, monitor vitals. Any penetrating wound to the chest should be sealed with... - ANSWER-an occlusive dressing. Treatment for a Pt. with gurgling during ventilations should include... - ANSWER-suction. When someone is showing signs of choking, you should first... - ANSWER-ask the Pt. if they can talk and/or move air. Interventions for a Pt. with shallow breathing may include... - ANSWER-assist depth of ventilations with BVM and high-flow oxygen. endocrine system - ANSWER-Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones. The right side of the heart pumps... - ANSWER-deoxygenated (oxygen poor) blood to the lungs (pulmonary) Signs of major trauma may include... - ANSWER-broken teeth, deformed mandible, unresponsive, and hypotensive. Treatment for a Pt. with broken teeth, blood in the mouth, and a broken mandible should include... - ANSWER-suction airway, insert OPA, immobilize spine, and rapid transport. Signs of skull fracture include: - ANSWER-skull deformity, unequal pupils, periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eye), fluid from the ears or nose, and periauricular ecchymosis (Battle's sign) Pneumothorax - ANSWER-air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall. Can be caused by blunt trauma. Can be open or closed. Laceration to the liver can cause severe internal bleeding, which will most likely cause... - ANSWER-shock. Abandonment - ANSWER-Leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training. Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure CLOSED fractures of the: - ANSWER-femur. As long as there are no apparent injuries of the pelvis. Your Pt. is breathing at a rate of 5 breaths per minute. You should... - ANSWER-Use a BVM to assist ventilations to at least 12 per minute. To compensate for shock, the body... - ANSWER-reduces blood flow to non-essential organs such as the skin and extremities. Respiratory rate for a 6 year old - ANSWER-15-30 breaths per minute Spinal Column - ANSWER-The main support of the skeletal structure. . 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 5 lumbar vertebrae that are moveable. Signs of tension pneumothorax - ANSWER-1. affected side will have decreased or absent lung sounds 2. PT becomes cyanotic 3. Tracheal deviation (late sign) A contraindication of a pressure dressing. - ANSWER-(Compound fracture) Open injury with bones sticking out. Signs of adequate ventilation - ANSWER-good skin color, minimal resistance to BVM, chest rise and fall with each ventilation. Pancreas - ANSWER-produces insulin and helps body use sugar. Two major organs of the thoracic cavity - ANSWER-heart and lungs Hypoxia - ANSWER-Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood Signs and Syptoms of a closed chest wall injury - ANSWER-unequal breath sounds and unequal chest rise The liver is located in the - ANSWER-right upper quadrant Ventilation rates for a child - ANSWER-one breath every 3-5 seconds During a breathing cycle, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles __________. - ANSWER-contract. Epiglottis - ANSWER-A flap of tissue that seals off the trachea and prevents food from entering. Signs and symptoms of pneumonia - ANSWER-fever, dyspnea, coughing, liquid sound in lungs. Presence of a radial pulse indicates - ANSWER-that the cardiovascular system is still maintaining the Pt's blood pressure. diaphragm - ANSWER-muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities Risk factors for stroke that can be prevented or modified include: - ANSWER-untreated high-blood pressure and smoking. breathing muscles - ANSWER-diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals (chest muscles) When ventilating an apneic patient of any age... - ANSWER-provide enough volume to make the chest rise. Your Pt. was involved in an accident and is apneic and unconscious, treatments for this Pt. should include - ANSWER-insert an OPA and use a BVM with oxygen to ventilate. A Pt. with a bubbling chest wound would be treated with... - ANSWER-an occlusive dressing to seal the wound, administer high-flow oxygen, and rapid transport. Treatment priorities for a Pt. with lacerations, profuse bleeding and vital signs that indicate shock would include... - ANSWER-adminster high flow O2 via a non-rebreather, bandage and splint any injuries. A pt. with shallow and rapid breathing has wheezes upon auscultation. Your treatment should be... - ANSWER-Provide positive pressure ventilation with the BVM and oxygen. Pericadial Tamponade - ANSWER-primarily indicated by narrowing of blood pressure readings. For example; 110/60 then 100/80, then 95/85. Immediate treatments for a Pt. with a wound to the neck and blood in the mouth should be... - ANSWER-suction the mouth. The most important thing to do when splinting is... - ANSWER-check pulse motor and sensory before AND after splinting. Paradoxical movement of the chest of thorax - ANSWER-Also called flail chest, is an indicator of multiple ribs broken in multiple spots. High concentration of oxygen is provided to the Pt. through a non-rebreather because - ANSWER-the Pt. is able to breath oxygen from the reservoir bag. When splinting a fractured limb, the EMT should - ANSWER-splint in the position the limb was found in.