WGU D027(Actual) Exam with Complete Solutions

What organ does cystic fibrosis affect? - ANSWER-Affects the pancreas causing secretions into the lungs What is Klinefelter syndrome? - ANSWER-An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY causing female-like qualities What is Turner Syndrome? - ANSWER-females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders, visual spatial and attentional problems What is beta thalassemia? - ANSWER-a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin chains is decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin. Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? - ANSWER-Ferrous Sulfate What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). Directly toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - for hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and recurrence risk) - ANSWER-Glucocorticoids What is the normal ejection fraction? - ANSWER-55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? - ANSWER-Preserved What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? - ANSWER-Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO, rails, S3 murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart failure! What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? - ANSWER-Think peripheral vascular. Lower extremity edema, abdominal distension. What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? - ANSWER-BNP. Heart failure is a result greater than 100 What heart disease is worse with exertion? - ANSWER-Ischemic heart disease because the demand requirements are higher. What should you assess before giving Digoxin? - ANSWER-Apical pulse How should Warfarin be started? - ANSWER-Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which leads to hyperinflation - ANSWER-Emphysema What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? - ANSWER-Bronchitis What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? - ANSWER-Asthma, Triggers cause mucus to clog bronchial tubes. What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? - ANSWER-Endocrine disorder called acromegaly (overproduction of growth hormone) What causes Addison's disease? - ANSWER-Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex) What causes Cushing's syndrome? - ANSWER-excess cortisol What causes Grave's disease? - ANSWER-overproduction of thyroid hormone. HYPERthyroidism. When should you instruct the patient to take their FIRST dose of antihypertensive? - ANSWER-At night to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Educate slow position changes and lay down if needed. What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? - ANSWER-dry cough angioedema hyperkalemia *Contraindicated in pregnancy Which type of antihypertensive should NOT be given to patients with Asthma? - ANSWER-Nonselective beta blocker (-lol) because both beta-2 receptors are effected What is the first choice of calcium channel blocker? - ANSWER-Verapamil What side effect should you watch for in a patient taking a statin drug? - ANSWER-Muscle pain which can lead to rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, and death. Which diuretic is NOT used in patients with kidney failure and sickle cell disease? - ANSWER-Thiazide diuretics What type of drug is spironolactone? - ANSWER-potassium sparing diuretic Which type of insulin is the most painful during injection? - ANSWER-Lantus (long-acting) Why test glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1c)? - ANSWER-Most reliable assessment of blood sugar over the past 3 months. The goal is 6.5%. A poor result is 9% What is the normal range for TSH level? - ANSWER-The normal range of TSH levels is 0.4 to 4.0 milli-international units per liter. If you're already being treated for a thyroid disorder, the normal range is 0.5 to 3.0 milli-international units per liter. A value ABOVE the normal range usually indicates hypothyroidism. What lab test would we recommend for thyroid? - ANSWER-Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO) symptoms of hypothyroidism - ANSWER-Bradycardia; cold intolerance; lethargy; memory loss; dry skin; brittle dry hair; decreased appetite; weight gain; constipation; increased serum lipids; decreased libido; erectile dysfunction What if a newborn has hypothyroidism? - ANSWER-Requires replacement within a few days and last for 3 years to prevent mental development changes and dwarfism. What is Hashimoto's disease? - ANSWER-An autoimmune cause of hypothyroid. Symptoms include weight gain and fatigue. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) - ANSWER-Tachyarrhythmias, anxiety, insomnia, rapid flow/speech, hot GRAVES DISEASE how to treat grave's disease? - ANSWER-Remove or destroy thyroid tissue or suppress with drug (methimazole or propylthiouracil) Treat with Iodine-131 Beta blockers also used to suppress release of thyroid hormones and reduce HR. What causes vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and helps with memory and sleep? - ANSWER-histamine- 1 What are side effects of antihistamines? - ANSWER-sedation (only H-1), dry mucus membranes, urinary hesitancy, and constipation. Which medication is given after an MI? - ANSWER-Beta blocker is given for 6 months to prevent another MI When should medication reconciliation be done? - ANSWER-Within 30 days of discharge Which drug class is used as the first line of treatment for depression? - ANSWER-SSRIs because of the low side effects and effectiveness. What is the first line of treatment for uncomplicated otitis media in pediatric patient without comorbidities? - ANSWER-Amoxicillin How do you test for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome? - ANSWER-Tilt test