2.4 Human reproduction
Male reproductive system
Female reproductive system
Puberty
Gametogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Menstrual cycle
Gestation(pregnancy)
Stages of pregnancy
Birth(parturition)
Birth Control (contraception)
Sexually transmitted infections
Male reproductive system
What makes up the
reproductive organs? Primary sex organs= the testis
Ducts=epididymis, sperm duct (Vas deferens), and urethra
Accessory glands= prostate gland
External genitalia= the penis
Structure Function
Scrotum Contains the testis -temperature regulator
-houses and protects the testis
Testis Two oval structures Produce:
Suspended outside the body -sperm
Many compartments( highly -testosterone by Cells of Leydig
convoluted tubules(seminiferous))
Germina epithelium line tubules
>groups of the endocrine cell (cells of
Leydig)
Ducts
-Epididymis Seminiferous tubules join to form Immature sperm enter when:
epididymis -mature
-stored for several months
-sperm duct Muscular sperm duct is a continuation -sperm duct pushes mature
(vas deferens) of the epididymis. Leaves scrotum, sperm forward by peristaltic
passes through prostate gland then waves, from the epididymis into
enters the urethra urethra= ejaculation
-Urethra Duct at the urogenital system leading Forms common duct for
to the exterior transportation of semen and
urine
Prostate gland Surrons urethra at base of the bladder Secretes fluid that aids the
, transport of the sperm
Cowper’s gland 2 found at base of the penis Produces an alkaline mucous-
like fluid when aroused
-neutralizes acidic urine
-lubricates to protect sperm from
damage
Penis Consists of erectile tissue -deposites semen with sperm
3 sections: the corpus cavernosa and into vagina during intercourse
the corpus spongiosum
Has no bone
Semen(seminal fluid) Has sperm and seminal fluid Contains sperm
Female reproductive tract
Structure Functions
Ovaries Two almond-shaped organs Form and release eggs
-surrounded by germinal Graafian follicle forms the
epithelium corpus luteum(yellow body)
Found in pelvic cavity
Held in position by ligaments
-primary follicles develops into
mature into a Graafian follicle
After ovulation the Graafian
forms corpus luteum(yellow
body)
Fallopian tubes Muscular tubes lined with cilia -provide pathway between
Stretch from ovary to uterus uterus and ovary for eggs,
Ends in infundibulum that has sperm and zygote
fimbria -site of fertilisation and initial cell
division
-enable the egg or developing
zygote to move towards uterus
Uterus Hollow, pear-shaped thick -organ in which the blastocyst
walled, muscular organ situated implants,develops and grows
between the bladder and rectum -contration of myometrium
Cervix enables baby to be pushed out
Wall: during birth
-myometrium
-endometrium
Ovulation progesterone causes
endo to thicken
Vagina Muscular passage between -place where sperm are
uterus and outside of body deposited
-forms birth control during birth
Male reproductive system
Female reproductive system
Puberty
Gametogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Menstrual cycle
Gestation(pregnancy)
Stages of pregnancy
Birth(parturition)
Birth Control (contraception)
Sexually transmitted infections
Male reproductive system
What makes up the
reproductive organs? Primary sex organs= the testis
Ducts=epididymis, sperm duct (Vas deferens), and urethra
Accessory glands= prostate gland
External genitalia= the penis
Structure Function
Scrotum Contains the testis -temperature regulator
-houses and protects the testis
Testis Two oval structures Produce:
Suspended outside the body -sperm
Many compartments( highly -testosterone by Cells of Leydig
convoluted tubules(seminiferous))
Germina epithelium line tubules
>groups of the endocrine cell (cells of
Leydig)
Ducts
-Epididymis Seminiferous tubules join to form Immature sperm enter when:
epididymis -mature
-stored for several months
-sperm duct Muscular sperm duct is a continuation -sperm duct pushes mature
(vas deferens) of the epididymis. Leaves scrotum, sperm forward by peristaltic
passes through prostate gland then waves, from the epididymis into
enters the urethra urethra= ejaculation
-Urethra Duct at the urogenital system leading Forms common duct for
to the exterior transportation of semen and
urine
Prostate gland Surrons urethra at base of the bladder Secretes fluid that aids the
, transport of the sperm
Cowper’s gland 2 found at base of the penis Produces an alkaline mucous-
like fluid when aroused
-neutralizes acidic urine
-lubricates to protect sperm from
damage
Penis Consists of erectile tissue -deposites semen with sperm
3 sections: the corpus cavernosa and into vagina during intercourse
the corpus spongiosum
Has no bone
Semen(seminal fluid) Has sperm and seminal fluid Contains sperm
Female reproductive tract
Structure Functions
Ovaries Two almond-shaped organs Form and release eggs
-surrounded by germinal Graafian follicle forms the
epithelium corpus luteum(yellow body)
Found in pelvic cavity
Held in position by ligaments
-primary follicles develops into
mature into a Graafian follicle
After ovulation the Graafian
forms corpus luteum(yellow
body)
Fallopian tubes Muscular tubes lined with cilia -provide pathway between
Stretch from ovary to uterus uterus and ovary for eggs,
Ends in infundibulum that has sperm and zygote
fimbria -site of fertilisation and initial cell
division
-enable the egg or developing
zygote to move towards uterus
Uterus Hollow, pear-shaped thick -organ in which the blastocyst
walled, muscular organ situated implants,develops and grows
between the bladder and rectum -contration of myometrium
Cervix enables baby to be pushed out
Wall: during birth
-myometrium
-endometrium
Ovulation progesterone causes
endo to thicken
Vagina Muscular passage between -place where sperm are
uterus and outside of body deposited
-forms birth control during birth
