Chapter 17 - Assessing Ears 2022

Chapter 17 - Assessing Ears 2022Structures of Ear -External Ear -Middle Ear -Inner Ear External Ear Composed of auricle, pinna and external auditory canal. Assessed by direct inspection and using an otoscope 00:29 01:17 external auditory canal S-shaped in an adult. Outer par of canal curves up and back; inner part of the canal curves down and forward. cerumen Ear wax tympanic membrane -Ear drum, translucent, gray appearance -Serves as a partition between auditory canal and middle ear -Landmarks Include:handle and short process of the malleus, umbo, cone of light, pars flaccida, pars tensa tympanic cavity a small, air-filled cavity between the inside wall of the eardrum and the inner ear Three Auditory Ossicles parts of middle ear: Malleus, Incus, and the Stapes eustachian tube A narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum inner ear fluid filled and made up of the bony labyrinth (cochlea, vestibule and semi-circular canals) and an inner membranous labyrinth conductive hearing transmission of sound waves through the external and middle ear Loss: related to dysfunction of external or middle ear (impacted ear wax, otitis media etc.) sensorineural hearing perceptive hearing, transmission of sound waves in the inner ear Loss: related to dysfunction of inner ear (organ of Corti, cranial nerve VIII or temporal lobe of brain) presbycusis gradual hearing loss, common after age 50 -begins with high-frequency sounds (woman's voice) followed later by loss of low-frequency sounds otorrhea Ear drainage otitis externa inflammation of external ear, swimmers ear, wiggling the outer ear should cause pain -occurs when water stays in ear canal for long periods of time otalgia earache tinnitus ringing in the ears Associated: excessive earwax buildup, high blood pressure,certain ototoxic medications, loud noises, vertigo true spinning motion, may be associated with an inner-ear problem. subjective vertigo client feels that they are spinning around objective vertigo client feels that the room is spinning around them otitis media Infection of the middle ear tuning fork used to assess bone and air conduction attached or soldered Most African Americans and Caucasians have free lobes, whereas most Asians have _________ lobes, although any type is possible in all cultural groups. elongated The older client has _______earlobes with linear wrinkles. wet earwax Most Europeans and Africans have ________ dry earwax Asians and Native Americans have ___________ acute otitis media red, bulging, eardrum and distorted, diminished, or absent light reflex serous otitis media yellowish, bulging membrane with bubbles behind Bluish or dark red color eardrum blood behind the eardrum from skull trauma White spots eardrum scarring from infection Perforations (eardrum) trauma from infection low and high frequencies African American have slightly better ____________ and are less susceptible to noise-induced hearing loss. Middle frequencies Caucasians have better hearing at ______________ 10 years, 3-year Adults should be screened every ________ through age 50 and at ________ intervals there after Whisper Test evaluates hearing acuity -Able to correctly repeat two-syllable word -Unable to repeat, indicates hearing loss and requires follow-up testing by an audiologist Weber's Test hearing test for lateralization of sound Loss of conductive hearing: "hears" sound in the poor ear Loss of sensorineural hearing: "hears" sound in the good ear Rinne test Compares air and bone conduction sounds AC is twice as long as BC Conductive loss: BC heard longer than or equal to AC Sensorineural Loss: AC longer than but not twice as long as BC Romberg Test Tests the client's equilibrium by having stand w/feet together first with eyes open, then with eyes closed. Vestibular Disorder: client sways and move feet apart