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Sumario Enlaces quimicos

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Enlaces químicos (entre moléculas y entre átomos), las propiedades de cada uno, solubilidad de sustancias covalentes, enlaces por puente de hidrogeno...

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Institution
Secondary school
Study
ESO
Module
School year
4

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Uploaded on
December 2, 2022
Number of pages
4
Written in
2022/2023
Type
Summary

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TEMA 3: Enlaces Químicos
● Enlace químico en las sustancias:
● Este es el conjunto de fuerzas que mantienen unidas las partículas que
forman especies químicas.
● Dos tipos de enlace:
● Entre átomos: mantienen unidos los átomos (cristal o molécula).
● Intermoleculares: unen moléculas. Son responsables del estado en el
que se encuentra la materia y también de si una sustancia es soluble
en otra.



● Regla del octeto:
● Para alcanzar estabilidad los átomos tienden a obtener configuración de
gas noble (8 electrones).



● Enlace iónico:
● Combinación de metal- no metal. Ambos alcanzan configuración de gas
noble formando aniones. Cationes y aniones de atraen= enlace iónico.
● No forma moléculas
● La fórmula indica la proporción de cada elemento.




● Propiedades:
● Forman redes cristalinas.
● Tº ambiente = sólidos, tº fusión= muy alta.
● Duros: difíciles de rayar.
● Frágiles: al golpearlo se enfrenta mismo signo.
● Algunos solubles en agua.
● No conducen electricidad: sólidos. Si conducen: fundido, disuelto.
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