Urinary System
Wednesday, 10 August 2022 10:10
Urinary System A.K.A Renal/Excretory System
Components
1. Kidneys
a. Produce urine
2. Ureters
a. Urine urinary bladder
3. Urinary bladder
4. Urethra
Function
• Filter blood
• Removing metabolic waste and excess electrolytes = urine
• = regulate blood : pH, pressure volume, glucose levels and osmolarity
• Production of hormones
• Maintain levels of water and salt
Overview : Kidneys
• Location
○ Posterior abdominal wall behind peritoneum
○ Laterally between T12 & L3
○ Right kidney lies lower than left kidney
• Anterior surface covered in peritoneum = retroperitoneal organs
• Capped by adrenal glands at superior part of kidneys
• Surrounded by 3 layers = protection
○ Renal capsule - outside
○ Renal fascia
○ Peritoneal
• Renal hilum - where nerves and blood vessels enter and leave kidney
External Features
• 2 poles
○ Superior - adrenal gland sits
○ Inferior - pointed shape
• 2 surfaces
○ Anterior - irregular shape
○ Posterior - flat
• 2 borders
○ Lateral - convex
○ Medial - concave (hilum)
Relations
Structures related to kidneys
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Internal Structure
• 2 layers : have kidney functional units
○ Renal cortex - highly vascularised (dark brown colour)
○ Renal medulla (lighter colour)
• Renal medulla further differentiated
1. Apex A.K.A. Renal Papilla
Anatomy Page 1
Wednesday, 10 August 2022 10:10
Urinary System A.K.A Renal/Excretory System
Components
1. Kidneys
a. Produce urine
2. Ureters
a. Urine urinary bladder
3. Urinary bladder
4. Urethra
Function
• Filter blood
• Removing metabolic waste and excess electrolytes = urine
• = regulate blood : pH, pressure volume, glucose levels and osmolarity
• Production of hormones
• Maintain levels of water and salt
Overview : Kidneys
• Location
○ Posterior abdominal wall behind peritoneum
○ Laterally between T12 & L3
○ Right kidney lies lower than left kidney
• Anterior surface covered in peritoneum = retroperitoneal organs
• Capped by adrenal glands at superior part of kidneys
• Surrounded by 3 layers = protection
○ Renal capsule - outside
○ Renal fascia
○ Peritoneal
• Renal hilum - where nerves and blood vessels enter and leave kidney
External Features
• 2 poles
○ Superior - adrenal gland sits
○ Inferior - pointed shape
• 2 surfaces
○ Anterior - irregular shape
○ Posterior - flat
• 2 borders
○ Lateral - convex
○ Medial - concave (hilum)
Relations
Structures related to kidneys
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Internal Structure
• 2 layers : have kidney functional units
○ Renal cortex - highly vascularised (dark brown colour)
○ Renal medulla (lighter colour)
• Renal medulla further differentiated
1. Apex A.K.A. Renal Papilla
Anatomy Page 1
