WGU- Educational Assessment Q&A with Complete, Verified and Correct Answers

WGU- Educational Assessment Q&A with Complete, Verified and Correct Answers Absolute Grading Correct Answer- A common type is the use of letter grades defined by a 100- point system. In the case of an individual test, this 100-point system might represent the percentage of items correct or the total number of points earned on the test. When used as a final grade, it typically represents a combining of scores from various tests and other assessment results. Strengths 1. Grades can be described directly in terms of student performance, without reference to the performance of others. 2. All students can obtain high grades if mastery outcomes are stressed and instruction is effective. Limitations 1. Performance standards are set in an arbitrary manner and are difficult to specify and justify. 2. Performance standards tend to vary unintentionally due to variations in test difficulty, assignments, student ability, and instructional effectiveness. 3. Grades can be assigned without clear reference to what has been achieved (but, of course, they should not be). Accommodations Commonly Used for Students with Disabilities. Correct Answer- Presentation accommodations allow a student with a disability to access information in ways other than standard visual or auditory means (e.g., by reading or listening). Response accommodations allow students with disabilities to complete instructional assignments or assessments through ways other than typical verbal or written responses. Setting accommodations allow for a change in the environment or in how the environment is structured. Timing and scheduling accommodations allow students extra time to complete an activity or a testAccommodations Correct Answer- Do not change the expectations for learning Do not reduce the requirements of the task Achievement Assessment Correct Answer- achievement assessment is a broad category that includes all of the various methods for determining the extent to which students are achieving the intended learning outcomes of instruction Alternative Assessments Correct Answer- A title for performance assessments that emphasizes that these assessment methods provide an alternative to traditional paper-and-pencil testing. Analytic Scoring Correct Answer- The assignment of scores to individual components of a performance or product. Provides diagnostic information useful for improving performance. *grades specific criteria. Arranging Items on a Test Correct Answer- 1. For instructional purposes, it is usually desirable to group together items that measure the same outcome. -Each group of items can then be identified by an appropriate heading (e.g., knowledge, understanding, application). -The inclusion of the headings helps to identify the areas where students are having difficulty and to plan for remedial action. 2. Where possible, all items of the same type should be grouped together. -This arrangement makes it possible to provide only one set of directions for each item type. It also simplifies the scoring and the analysis of the results. 3. The items should be arranged in terms of increasing difficulty. -This arrangement has motivational effects on students and will prevent them from getting "bogged down" by difficult items early in the test. Assessment is most effective when Correct Answer- 1. Designed to assess a clearly defined set of intended learning outcomes. 2. The nature and function of the assessments are congruent with the outcomes to be assessed.3. The assessments are designed to fit the relevant student characteristics and are fair to everyone. 4. Assessments provide information that is meaningful, dependable, and relevant. 5. Provision is made for giving the students early feedback of assessment results. 6. Specific learning weaknesses are revealed by the assessment results. 7. Assessment results provide information useful for evaluating the appropriateness of the objectives, the methods, and the materials of instruction. Assigning Grades Correct Answer- Achievement:(i.e., how the student is performing in relation to expected grade-level goals)