WGU C181 Kim Owens Study Guide With Complete Solutions!!

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission Corporations may spend freely but must be transparent in order to advocate for/against a candidate Gideon v. Wainwright A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government- right to counsel in all states 19th Amendment (1920) Gave women the right to vote 3rd Amendment No quartering of soldiers during peace times and restrictions during times of conflict 13th Amdendment abolished slavery, involuntary servitude implied powers Those powers that Congress needs to execute its enumerated powers. Enumerated powers The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution. Civil rights movement bans discrimination in public accommodations, employment and promotion Griswold v. Connecticut supreme court overthrew law that made birth control illegal in that state When is the greatest change to national power? during times of crisis Supremecy Clause ensures that states do not conflict with national laws. national law overrides state law Voting rights act of 1965 empowered attorney general to send supervisors to areas in which less than half of the eligible minority voters had been registered to vote Political action commitee an official registered organization formed within an interest group that does all political action for the interest group. Gathers contributors from members and send them to political candidates. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Equal enjoyment of goods, services and privileges in public. Right to equal employment. Funds can be withheld from federally assisted programs that discriminated. Largest legislative attempt to eliminate racial discrimination. Conservatives Those who are willing to use government to promote order but not equality. Support lower taxes -usually men and republican -protection of life and liberty Full Faith and Credit Clause creates unity among the states: marriage licences and drivers licenses are honored in other states 12th Amendment presidential election procedures- election of President and Vice President. Equal Rights Amendment Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. Agenda building interest groups, government political agenda, getting voter and media attention Tinker v. Des Moines U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a student's First Amendment right to engage in symbolic speech in school--students wore black armbands and were suspended from school Mapp vs. Ohio all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution of the Fourth Amendment and is inadmissible in a state court. 1st amendment Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition Judicial Review power to declare congressional and presidential acts unconstitutional Necessary and Proper Clause gives congress the means to execute its enumerated powers- the basis for congress' implied powers: elastic clause Federalist #10 James Madison argues that the proposed constitution was designed to "break and control the violence of the faction, it's purpose was to demonstrate that the proposed government was not likely to be dominated by any faction. Key= large central government and separation of powers Conventional voting routine behavior being respective, honoring and acceptable government institutions. Example= voting Significance of Rosa Parks started civil rights movement- people boycotted the bus system and went bankrupt 4th Amendment Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures, must have probable cause Equality of outcome The concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is actually achieved. "Don't ask, don't tell" gays can serve in the military de facto segregation segregation by private establisments Dual Federalism separation of state and national government: layer cake metaphor What did Shay's Rebellion prove? need for a more central government, called for the revision of the articles of confederation Liberals party that would support higher taxes Anti-federalists wanted to add the bill of rights to limit the power of the national government Plessy vs. Ferguson segregation was legal as long as it was equal amongst whites and blacks Who is less likely to vote? What is a key factor in voting? Young people and Education Goal of the Preamble 1. create a people 2. Establish goal of constitution 3. Articulate goals 4. Fashion a government Civil Liberties freedoms guaranteed to individuals -what the government cannot take away from you Federalist #51 James Madison argued that separation of powers- checks and balances would control efforts of tyranny from any source. Each branch will have the opportunity to counteract each other with checks and balances. Block grants welfare Project grants highways horse race journalism media election coverage that focuses on which candidate is ahead rather than exploring the national issues Preemption if federal government doesn't like how the states are spending money they can assume responsibility and enforce it in one's particular state De Jure segregation segregation by the law or government Reagents of the University of California v. Bakke White male who sued for reverse discrimination due to unfair quotas that were considered when admitting people to a university. Blank grades were better than the minorities that had to be admitted due to quotas. Elite theory The view that a small group of people actually makes most of the important government decisions. Majoritarian model of democracy government by the people is interpreted as government by the majority of the people Elastic Clause gives congress the means to execute its enumerated powers the basis for congress' implied powers: necessary and proper clause Enumerated powers congress' power to tax Marbury v. Madison gives the supreme court the power of judicial review. (ability to declare congressional acts invalid if they violate the constitution) District of Columbia v. Heller Individuals have a right to own and possess firearms Sherbert v. Verner laws that can be upheld only if government demonstrates a legitimate goal. Must be least restrictive option and must not entangle the government too closely with religion 9th Amendment protects rights not enumerated by the consitution 24th Amendment prohibits prevention of voting due to not paying a poll tax or any tax 10th Amendment states retain all rights not entrusted to the federal government which only possesses powers delegated to it by the consitution 5th Amendment due process, right not to self incriminate or double jeopardy political ideology consistent set of values or beliefs about the proper purpose or scope of government Social Contract theory in reference to the declaration of independence, "whenever any form of government becomes destructive, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it" Oversight committees review operations of a government agency to see if bureaucracy is enforcing the laws the way congress intended Lawrence vs Texas 2003 Supreme Court decision ruled that state laws that banned sexual contact between two members of the same sex were unconstitutional 6th Amendment right to a fair and speedy trial, ability to obtain counsel, be notified of offenses, obtain witnesses and confront accuser. 15th Amendment Gives the right to vote to all citizens regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude How can Congress override a presidential veto? 2/3 vote Pluralist operate through interest groups Liberals Those who are willing to use government to promote equality but not order. 7th Amendment Right to trial by jury 14th Amendment defines citizenship, life liberty and the pursuit of happiness 11th Amendment sovereign immunity 26th amendment Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 Roe vs wade set a precedent: states may not declare abortions illegal in the first 3 months of pregnancy Brown vs. Board of Education both schools were equal but supreme court declared that in the field of education "separate but equal" had no place- generated feelings of inferiority in black children: kicked of desegregation Who has the most power under the articles of confederation? The states What party would support lower taxes? Conservatives Fair housing act of 1968 banned racial discrimination in the rental and sale of most housing Political Soicalization 1. Family 2. School 3. Communities/ peers 4. Media Unconventional protesting uncommon political behaviors- challenges or defies established government and business institutions. example- protest, boycotts, signing petitions McDonald v. Chicago the right to bear arms may not be prohibited by states Miranda v. Arizona upholds the right not to self incriminate, suspects must be informed with a Miranda warning James Madison father of the constitution and bill of rights Libertatian freedom- the absence of constraints on behavior Presidential power commander in chief- commander of the armies public goods schools, sanitation, police Totalitarianism total government control equality of opportunity everyone is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life petition for certiorari A petition asking the Supreme Court to hear a case Anarchism no government Executive branch Enforces laws Legislative Branch Makes laws house and senate Title IX Prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity Communism classless society- strict social order Socialism welfare state- same plane economically Judicial Branch enforces laws American Disabilities Act guarantees people with disabilities, aids or addictions have access to employment, transportation, public accommodations and communication services