Portage Learning NURS 231 Pathophysiology Module 4 Exam 2022/2023

Portage Learning NURS 231 Pathophysiology Module 4 Exam Module 4 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following increases the chance of clotting? Select all that apply. Thrombocytopenia Correct! Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 pts A deficiency in which of the following would lead to a hypercoagulable state? Select all that apply. Correct! Correct! Correct! Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following is NOT a hypercoagulable state? Select all that apply. Question 4 0 / 2.5 pts Which of the following are TRUE of hemophilia A? Select all that apply. Correct! u Answered rrect Answe Question 5 2.5 / 2.5 pts Well-known causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) include each of the following conditions except: Question 6 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following does NOT affect the heart’s ability to increase its output? Correct! Question 7 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following is true of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the kidneys Question 8 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following terms refers to the pressure the heart must generate to move blood into the aorta? Correct! Question 9 0 / 2.5 pts Question 10 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice What are the two most common causes of macrocytic anemia? Correct! Question 11 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice Which of the following is FALSE regarding sickle cell disease? Correct! Question 12 0 / 2.5 pts Question 13 0 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT true of thalassemias? Question 14 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Each of the following are risk factors for secondary hyperlipidemia except? Correct! Question 15 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 16 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Risk factors for atherosclerosis include each of the following except: Correct! Cigarette smoking Question 17 0 / 10 pts 1. The three major determinants of myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2) include each of the following except: a. Diastolic pressure b. Heart rate c. Left ventricular contractility d. Systolic pressure Fill in the Blank: 2. is the most important factor in myocardial oxygen demand. As this increases, myocardial oxygen consumption or demand also increases. Multiple Choice: 3. What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock? a. Heart failure b. Cardiomyopathy c. Myocardial infarction d. Hypertension Multiple Choice: 4. Which does NOT occur during cardiogenic shock? a. Decreased cardiac output b. Hypotension c. Hypoperfusion d. Decreased systemic vascular resistance Your Answer: Question 18 10 / 10 pts Explain the differences in the pathophysiology, symptoms, and whether nitroglycerin and/or rest will relieve symptoms in stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction. Your Answer: artherscloes disease cornary vessel become norrow and the blood supply to the diminish, with extertion vessel cant vasodilate, therefore PT feels pain in the chest and short breath , that is what stable angina is. stable angina the heart is at rest but cant keep up the demand extertion. stable angina typically >70% stenosis cornary artries, it can be relieve with rest or nitroglyclcerin unstable agina is with increase occlusion cornary vessel demand with heart at rest may become to the PT experience angina without extertion that is unstable angina. unstable angiona means one more cornary arties are nearly or totaly occluded res is unsufficeint but nitrogycycerin can releive myocardial infraction is cause by when plaque repture cornary thrombosis can cause complete the collrate flow is not the tissue supplied vessel become ischemd with oxygen and portion of the heart muscle can die that is the couse of MI. the symptoms of the heart attack are pain in the jow lefts side pain that can raidiate to the left hand nusea/vomating , shortness ofbreath crushin pain in the chest, women can feel fatigue, weekness, also GI complain, it canot be relieve with nitrglyclerin With atherosclerotic disease, the coronary vessel lumens are narrowed and blood supply to the heart is diminished. With exertion, the vessels cannot adequately vasodilate. This can manifest as chest pain or tightness and/or shortness of breath. Stable angina- The heart is stable at rest but cannot keep up with the demand of exertion. Stable angina typically has a >70% stenosis of the coronary arteries. It is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin (vasodilator). Unstable angina- With increasing occlusion of the coronary vessel(s), the demands of the resting heart may become too great. When the patient experiences angina without exertion, or when the level of exertion necessary to cause anginal symptoms decreases, this is called unstable angina. It can be relieved by nitroglycerin, but not rest. Unstable angina means one or more coronary vessels is nearly totally occluded. Myocardial infarction- If a plaque ruptures, coronary thrombosis can cause complete occlusion. If collateral flow is inadequate, the tissue supplied becomes ischemic. Without oxygen, a portion of the muscle can die. MI can present as chest pain unrelieved by rest, sometimes radiating down the left ram or into the jaw or neck, dyspnea, nausea/vomiting, sweating, and/or other signs of distress. Other symptoms include a crushing pain or like “something is sitting on my chest.” Women may present with weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, or GI complaints. Symptoms are not relieved by nitroglycerin. Question 19 5 / 10 pts Question 20 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 21 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 22 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 23 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: With atherosclerotic disease, the coronary vessel lumens are narrowed and blood supply to the heart is diminished. With exertion, the vessels cannot adequately vasodilate. This can manifest as chest pain or tightness and/or shortness of breath. What is this referred to as? Correct! Question 24 2.5 / 2.5 pts Correct! Question 25 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which arrhythmias are dangerous because of severely reduced diastolic time and cardiac output? Select all that apply. Correct! Correct! Question 26 2.5 / 2.5 pts Fill in the blank: Approximately 55% of blood volume consists of Your Answer: plasma . Question 27 0 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes due to ventricular arrhythmias? Question 28 7.5 / 10 pts A 45-year-old man has a blood pressure at a screening program of 142/90. His father has a history of hypertension and heart attack. His grandfather died of a stroke. He is 20 lbs overweight, likes eating salty foods, and enjoys drinking beer. He states he is too tired and busy to exercise. 1. According to JNC 8 guidelines, what category does this patient’s blood pressure fall into? 2. What is hypertension a risk factor for? 3. What lifestyle modifications would you suggest for them? 4. Name one medication therapy for hypertension and its mechanism of action. Your Answer: his family has historty stroke,he is over weight, male, and 45 years with stage 2 high BP with bad diet and lack of activity, I think he is living in a very dengerous life, therefore i would advise him as folllow 1- stop eating food with high in salt 2- change your diet and eat better food increase fruit, veggies, low fat, food 3 add physical activity daily to your life 4- lose weight 5- colsult with health care and get medication to control you BP, for example lisobrol 6- I will tell him that he is in high risk for sroke ,and MI, kidney disease   Quiz Score: 70 out of 100