Basic Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers 2022

Basic Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers 2022Define anatomy the study of the structure of the human body Define physiology the science that deals with the function of the living organism Describe the anatomic position standing erect with feet together -facing the observer -arms at the sides with the palms forward mid-sagittal/ median divides the body into equal right and left proportions transverse divides the body into superior and inferior parts coronal parts in the front of the midline are anterior, parts located in the back of the midline are posterior What makes up the extremities? the arms and legs are the extremities -the points of attachment are the shoulders and hips Proximal Closet to thepoint of attachment ex: the knee is proximal to the ankle Distal farthest away from the point of attachment -the wrist is distal to the elbow List the four quadrants of the abdomen and the central point. -right upper quadrant -right lower quadrant -left upper quadrant - left lower quadrant -umbilicus: central point The organizational pattern of the body? cells-tissues-organs-systems What is a cell? what are its functions? the basic unit of the body is the cell. - the functions of cells are breathing, reproduction, nutrition, excretion, and metabolism List the four types of cells -epithelial cell -nerve cell -muscle cell -connective tissue cell What are tissues? collection of specialized cells that perform a particular function Name the four basic types o tissues and describe their functions -epithelial tissue: absorbs, secretes, forms, covers and sometimes produce body fluids -nervous tissue: forms brain and spinal cord, sends messages, coordination -muscle tissue: ability to change its length skeletal- attached the bones for movement cardiac- forms heart wall connective- forms blood, bone, fibrous & elastic tisse (attach muscle to bones) What is an organ? any part of the bodythat carries out a specific function or functions (made up of more than one kind of tissue) What is a system? group of organs organized to perform a specific body function List the body systems -circulatory -reproductive -endocrine -respiratory -digestive -skeletal -integumentary -urinary -muscular What is a membrane and what do they do? sheets of epithelial tissues supported by connective tissues -cover the body -line body cavities -produce some body fluids Describe mucous membrane -produces a fluid called mucus -line body cavities that open to the outside mucus: clear white fluid, moistens, protects Describe a synovial membrane -produces synovial fluid; an eggwhite -line joint cavities -reduces friction between bones -line open cavities Describe serous membrane -produces serous fluid; clear yellowish tinge -cover the organs and - line the closed cavities of the body Meninges (serous membrae) covers the brain and spinal cord (lines dorsal cavity) Pleura (serous membrane) covers the lungs, divides lungs into lubs (lines the thoracic cavity) Pericaridum (serous membrane) covers the heart (thoracic cavity) Peritoneum (serous membrane) covers the digestive organs (lines and seperates abdominal cavity) What is a body cavity cavities are spaces withinit contains organs What two cavities make up the dorsal cavity? cranial & spinal What cavities make up the ventral cavity? thoracic, abdominal peritoneal, pelvic, retroperitoneal space Brain is located? cranial cavity Heart is located? thoracic cavity Spinal cord is located? spinal cavity Stomach is located? abdominal peritoneal Uterus is located? pelvic cavity Kidneys are located? retroperitoneal space Rectum is located? pelvic cavity Urinary bladder is located? pelvic cavity Lungs are located? thoracic cavity Liver is located? abdominal peritoneal space (ventral) Cardiovascular transports materials around the body,carries oxygen and nutrients Endocrine produces hormones that regulate body processes Digestive digests, transports food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates wastes Integumentary protects the body from injury and against infection, regulates body temp, eliminates wastes Skeletal supports and protects body parts, produces blood cells, acts as levers in movement Muscular protects organs by forming body walls, forms walls of some organs, assists movement by changing position of bones at joints Nervous coordinates body functions Reproductive reproduces the species, fulfills sexual needs, develops sexual identity Respiratory brings in oxygen an eliminates carbon dioxide Urinary manages fluids and electrolytes of body,eliminates liquid wastes