Question 1(1.1, 1.2)
a) Present the nervous system as a flow diagram in a similar format to the one in the
example below and label its component parts giving an account of their functions.
Nervous system consist of peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system consist of somatic and autonomic nervous system while
autonomic nervous system further consist of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
system. Central nervous system consist of brain and spinal cord.
b) Describe the autonomic nervous system.
Nervous system is the system of communication. Information can be send from body to
central nervous system which is the brain, brainstem and spinal cord which make sense
which make sense what should be the response then send information back out to the
body. Nervous system can be subdivided into two divisions. The first division is central
nervous system because it located centrally within the body but also is central in its
function. This is the site of integration. So any information coming from peripheral
nervous system to central nervous system that is where integration happens and make
sense and decision then information coming back out to the PNS has comes from CNS.
PNS is made up of 12 pairs of cranial nerves so these are the 12 pairs of nerves that
shout out away from the brain and brainstem but also made up of spinal nerves as well.
These nerves shout out in way and come back into the spinal cord. So any signal that
coming into the brain, brainstem and spinal cord or the CNS called as sensory and any
information that that going out away from CNS called motor . These are two
subdivisions of PNS that is sensory going in and motor going out. Sensory divisions its
coming from body and going to CNS. The two divisions one is somatic division which is
just the body generally so all sensory information coming from the body and the outer
division is visceral which means organs so this is all sensory information coming from
organs. Organ can include any organ within the body. For example this could be the
stomach or spleen. This information could be stretch or pressure or pain. This
information will go in by visceral component of PNS going to the CAN. Motor means all
information coming back out. Motor division is the movement division but also include
glands as well. Glands release chemicals or the hormones that tell the body to do
particular task. Motor has the same subdivision which is somatic division and somatic
division is referring to the body. This is often referring to the skeletal muscles. There are
three types of muscles. Skeletal muscle which is under conscious control but the other
division is visceral. Visceral means organs. Organs don’t really move. Visceral division
referring to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and referring to glands. Smooth muscles
that lies hollow organs like intestine, urinary tract, reproductive tract, blood vessels.
These are not under conscious control. Cardiac muscles which are heart muscles not
, under conscious control. All these happen auomatically. So visceral division of the of the
motor division of PNS is automatic division. Autonomic broke up into two particular
subclasses. The visceral also known as the autonomic division which can be broken up
into sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. These control smooth
muscles, cardiac muscles and glands. These two divisions in function just like the flip
side of a coin. These divisions tell them to do pretty much opposing function. For
example the sympathetic nervous system gets activated in terms of fight or flight so
pretty much stress or stress system. While the parasympathetic nervous system gets
activated when someone at resting or digesting its like the relaxation system. Stress and
relaxation are opposite to each other and basically these two innovate they are going
out and away from the CNS. So innovate muscles and glands and the system tells the
body what to body depending on a stress situation or relaxation situation. For example
if a human running fastly heart rate would increase here and cardiac muscles will be
directed. Air ways opens up relaxation of bronchioles in airways so in that case smooth
muscles will be directed to do this so air can come in to get oxygen delivered around the
body. So person would be able to fight run away so its can maintain survival in this
situation. While in case of parasympathetic system for example someone eating a meal
then there is a need to activate the smooth muscles of gastrointestinal tract move the
food. This system will activate the glands to release certain chemicals or hormones like
digestive hormones in order to digest and move nutrients around the body. So the
autonomic division of PNS is made up of sympathetic fight or flight and parasympathetic
rest and digest. These are the visceral divisions of the motor division of PNS. This send
information from the CNS out to smooth muscles , cardiac muscle and glands to be
activated them in terms of stress or terms of relaxation. (Joshua A. Waxenbaum et
al,.2021).
Question 2 (1.3)
Using illustrations and a short commentary, describe the sensory and motor neuron.
Neurons are building blocks of nervous system. Billions and trillions of neurons together forms
the nervous system just like many blocks makes up a wall. There are three types of neurons
which are sensory neurons, interneurons and motor neurons. Nervous system is an essential
part of human body that helps in the transmission of signals across the various parts of the
body or it releases messages back and fourth from the brain to the different parts of the body
and also helps in the coordination of voluntary and involuntary actions of the body. At the
cellular level the nervous system consist of a special type of cell called the neuron also known
as the nerve cell. The neurons connects to each other using a synapse which is a structure that
acts like a pathway connection that transmits signals to their cells to form the nervous system.
Neurons have special structures that allow them to send signal rapidly and precisely to other
a) Present the nervous system as a flow diagram in a similar format to the one in the
example below and label its component parts giving an account of their functions.
Nervous system consist of peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system consist of somatic and autonomic nervous system while
autonomic nervous system further consist of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
system. Central nervous system consist of brain and spinal cord.
b) Describe the autonomic nervous system.
Nervous system is the system of communication. Information can be send from body to
central nervous system which is the brain, brainstem and spinal cord which make sense
which make sense what should be the response then send information back out to the
body. Nervous system can be subdivided into two divisions. The first division is central
nervous system because it located centrally within the body but also is central in its
function. This is the site of integration. So any information coming from peripheral
nervous system to central nervous system that is where integration happens and make
sense and decision then information coming back out to the PNS has comes from CNS.
PNS is made up of 12 pairs of cranial nerves so these are the 12 pairs of nerves that
shout out away from the brain and brainstem but also made up of spinal nerves as well.
These nerves shout out in way and come back into the spinal cord. So any signal that
coming into the brain, brainstem and spinal cord or the CNS called as sensory and any
information that that going out away from CNS called motor . These are two
subdivisions of PNS that is sensory going in and motor going out. Sensory divisions its
coming from body and going to CNS. The two divisions one is somatic division which is
just the body generally so all sensory information coming from the body and the outer
division is visceral which means organs so this is all sensory information coming from
organs. Organ can include any organ within the body. For example this could be the
stomach or spleen. This information could be stretch or pressure or pain. This
information will go in by visceral component of PNS going to the CAN. Motor means all
information coming back out. Motor division is the movement division but also include
glands as well. Glands release chemicals or the hormones that tell the body to do
particular task. Motor has the same subdivision which is somatic division and somatic
division is referring to the body. This is often referring to the skeletal muscles. There are
three types of muscles. Skeletal muscle which is under conscious control but the other
division is visceral. Visceral means organs. Organs don’t really move. Visceral division
referring to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and referring to glands. Smooth muscles
that lies hollow organs like intestine, urinary tract, reproductive tract, blood vessels.
These are not under conscious control. Cardiac muscles which are heart muscles not
, under conscious control. All these happen auomatically. So visceral division of the of the
motor division of PNS is automatic division. Autonomic broke up into two particular
subclasses. The visceral also known as the autonomic division which can be broken up
into sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. These control smooth
muscles, cardiac muscles and glands. These two divisions in function just like the flip
side of a coin. These divisions tell them to do pretty much opposing function. For
example the sympathetic nervous system gets activated in terms of fight or flight so
pretty much stress or stress system. While the parasympathetic nervous system gets
activated when someone at resting or digesting its like the relaxation system. Stress and
relaxation are opposite to each other and basically these two innovate they are going
out and away from the CNS. So innovate muscles and glands and the system tells the
body what to body depending on a stress situation or relaxation situation. For example
if a human running fastly heart rate would increase here and cardiac muscles will be
directed. Air ways opens up relaxation of bronchioles in airways so in that case smooth
muscles will be directed to do this so air can come in to get oxygen delivered around the
body. So person would be able to fight run away so its can maintain survival in this
situation. While in case of parasympathetic system for example someone eating a meal
then there is a need to activate the smooth muscles of gastrointestinal tract move the
food. This system will activate the glands to release certain chemicals or hormones like
digestive hormones in order to digest and move nutrients around the body. So the
autonomic division of PNS is made up of sympathetic fight or flight and parasympathetic
rest and digest. These are the visceral divisions of the motor division of PNS. This send
information from the CNS out to smooth muscles , cardiac muscle and glands to be
activated them in terms of stress or terms of relaxation. (Joshua A. Waxenbaum et
al,.2021).
Question 2 (1.3)
Using illustrations and a short commentary, describe the sensory and motor neuron.
Neurons are building blocks of nervous system. Billions and trillions of neurons together forms
the nervous system just like many blocks makes up a wall. There are three types of neurons
which are sensory neurons, interneurons and motor neurons. Nervous system is an essential
part of human body that helps in the transmission of signals across the various parts of the
body or it releases messages back and fourth from the brain to the different parts of the body
and also helps in the coordination of voluntary and involuntary actions of the body. At the
cellular level the nervous system consist of a special type of cell called the neuron also known
as the nerve cell. The neurons connects to each other using a synapse which is a structure that
acts like a pathway connection that transmits signals to their cells to form the nervous system.
Neurons have special structures that allow them to send signal rapidly and precisely to other
