HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide 2022 With Complete Solution

HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide 2022 With Complete Solution 1. Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types): Dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells 2. Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types): Monocytes and neutrophils 3. Phagocytic immune cells (2 types): Macrophages and neutrophils 4. Difference between macrophages and neutrophils?: Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic cells and waste 5. General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release them?): Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. Pro-inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel endothelium to recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue 6. Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation?: Mast cell 7. Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel walls?: Adhesion molecules 8. E-Selectin: An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction) 9. E-Selectin Ligand: A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response 10. ICAM-1: An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity interaction) 11. Integrins (and the name of a specific one): A class of adhesion molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response 12. Stable Arrest: When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop within the endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can enter the tissue 13. Pus: Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of an inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)