NUR 503 Mid-Term Study Guide 2022

NUR 503 Mid-Term Study Guide 2022 1. Understand and compare the different measures of morbidity (p. 41-58) Incidence rate is defined as the number of new cases of a disease that occur during a specified period of time in a population at risk for developing the disease. Incidence rate per 1,000= No. of new cases of a disease occurring in the population during a specified period of time/No. Of persons who are at risk of developing the disease during that period of time X 1,000. Incidence is a measure of events; measure of risk (transition from non-diseased to diseased). Prevalence is defined as the number of affected persons present in the population at a specific time divided by the number of persons in the population at that time. What proportion of the population is affected by the disease at that time? No. of cases with disease/No. Of persons in the population X 1,000. We don’t determine when the disease developed; just a snapshot of who has it at that time. We can’t account for duration of the disease. a. Incidence and prevalence i. Define ii. Understand why data are important for measuring risk iii. Interpret findings iv. Understand the relationship between incidence and prevalence and impact of each on duration of disease Prevalence=Incidence X Duration of Disease v. Calculate incidence rate vi. Calculate prevalence rate vii.Relationship between prevalence, incidence, and mortality Prevalence and incidence are related by the duration of disease. If incidence is increasing over time, then duration of illness has to decrease in order to keep the prevalence rate constant. This may occur through better treatments to cure disease or through higher case-fatality rates as a disease becomes more lethal. Since incidence is increasing over time, it is evident that risk is also increasing and that prevention efforts are not successful. viii. Examples of incidence rates and prevalence rates 2. Surveillance Active surveillance entails a concerted effort to collect information about disease occurrence. It typically involves dedicated staff members who have been specifically directed to contact physicians and hospitals in order to collect reports of disease cases in a specified population. This activity requires a large amount of staff and resources in order to accomplish its goals. a. Importance of surveillance b. Define and discuss passive versus active surveillance, including examples and CONTINUES...