Unit 1 and 2- LETRS QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

Informed teachers are _____ assurance against reading failure. our best phonics the study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent phonemic awareness conscious awareness of the individual speech sounds (constants and vowels) in spoken syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds. syllable Unit of pronunciation that is organized around a vowel; it may or may not have consonants before or after the vowel. orthography writing system for representing language morphophonemic deep alphabetic writing system organized by both sound-symbol correspondences and morphology (English orthography) morpheme in language, the smallest unit that carries meaning metalinguistic awareness ability to think about and reflect on the structure of the language itself simple view of reading word recognition (decoding) x language comprehension (comprehending) = reading comprehension decoding ability to translate a word from print to speech (sound-symbol correspondences) discourse written or spoken communication ("the exchange") of information and ideas (between writer & reader) Listening comprehension may _____ reading comprehension, but the reverse is _______. exceed, not true phonology phonemes can be sequenced, combined, and pronounced to make words (rule system withing language) (sounds /p/ and /k/ are never adjacent) morphology study of meaningful units in a language and how the units are combined in word formation (Nat- root, Nature- noun, natural- adjective) semantics study of word and phrase meanings and relationships (rank has multiple meanings) syntax system of rules governing permissible word order in sentences ("Our district recruits new teachers" "New teachers our district recruits") academic language written or spoken language that is more stylistically formal orthographic mapping mental process used to store words for immediate retrieval Learning ___ depends heavily on ____ of recognized written symbols with _____ and the eventual connection of those sound patterns with _____. to recognize words, accurate matching, spoken language, meaning Four Part Processing Model -context processor: background knowledge - meaning processor: vocabulary -phonological processor: speech sound system -orthographic processor: spelling system phonological processing system enables us to perceive, remember, interpret , and produce the speech- sound system of our own language and others orthographic processing system several functions of recognition and recall of written language symbols grapheme letter representing unit of sound (phonemes) meaning processing system (semantic) interprets meanings of words in and out of context context processing system interact with and provide support for the meaning processor. Scarborough's Reading Rope Language comprehension (background knowledge, vocab, syntax/semantics, verbal reasoning & literacy knowledge) + word knowledge (decoding, sight words, phonological awareness) = skilled reading Dyslexia an impairment of reading accuracy and fluency attributable to an underlying phonological process problems, usually associated w/ other kinds of language- processing difficulties. Basic questions to answer with assessment are: 1. Who needs help? 2. What kind of help do they need? 3. Is the help helping? 4. If not, what needs to change? automaticity the ability to read quickly and accurately w/o concious effort Ehri's Phases of Word- Reading Development Prealphabetic- incidental visual cues, general concepts of print Early alphabetic- letter names and some letter sounds; early phonological/ phonemic awareness, syllable, onset-rime, initial phonemic matching Later alphabetic-start automatic sight word recognition (regular and a few irregular words); initial set of phoneme/grapheme correspondences; basic phonemic awareness; segmentation and blending of 3-4 phoneme words Consolidated- increasingly automatic sight word recognition; orthographic mapping; phoneme-grapheme links; advanced phonemic awareness; deletion, substitution, reversal of phonemes phoneme- grapheme mapping matching of phonemes in words with the graphemes that represent them alphabetic principle concept that letters are used to represent individual phonemes in the spoken word sight vocabulary student's bank of words that are instantly and effortlessly recognized phonological working memory the "online" memory system that remembers speech long enough to extract meaning from it, or that holds onto words during writing; a function of the phonological processor. rapid automatic naming (RAN) the ability to quickly name a series of printed, repeated numbers, letters, or objects that should be known by role phonological awareness conscious awareness of all levels of the speech sound system, including word boundaries, stress patterns, syllables, onset-rime units, and phonemes Phonemic Awareness the conscious awareness of the individual speech sounds in spoken syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds phonics study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent; also used as a descriptor for code-based instruction onset-rime the natural division of a syllable into two parts, the onset coming before the vowel and the rime including the vowel and what follows it