Biochemistry C785 COMPLETE SOLUTION

Biochemistry C785 COMPLETE SOLUTION 1. electron: A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom. 2. energy: The capacity to cause change, especially to do work (to move matter against an opposing force). 3. covalent bond (kM-v 2-:leAntty)pe of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. 4. ionic bond (+-on2-i:kA) oppositely charged ions. chemical bond resulting from the attraction between 5. hydrogen bond: A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule. 6. amino acid (uh-m n:2A-Mn )organic molecule possessing both a carboxyl and an amino group (see image for amino group). Amino acids serve as the monomers of polypeptides. 7. carboxyl group (kar-bok2-sil:)A chemical group present in orga consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen ato bonded to a hydroxyl group. 8. hydrophobic (h+2-drM-fM: H2-abviikn)g no affinity for water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. 9. hydrophilic (h+2-drM-fi:l2H-aikv)ing an affinity for water. 10. disulfide bridge/bond: A strong covalent bond formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer. 11. What is the basic structure of an amino acid?: Consists of an carboxyl group, R group; At the center of the amino acid is an asym atom called the alpha (±)(±c)arbon 12. List the 4 amino acid groups and describe what they look li different partners are an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen a variable group symbolized by R. The R group, also called the side with each amino acid. 14. What kind of bonds do each of the 3 different types of amino acid side chains make?: The side chain is a covalent bond at the alpha carbon. Non-polar chains are hydrophobic and only contain carbon and hydrogen; polar and [polar] charged (both containing oxygen or nitrogen in addition to H & C) chains are hydrophilic. Charged will form ionic bonds and uncharged will form hydrogen bonds. 15. Based on the pH, what changes can you expect on the structures of the carboxyl group and the amino group of an amino acid?: Acidic a have side chains that are generally negative in charge due to the pr carboxyl group, which is usually dissociated (ionized) at cellular pH. acids have amino groups in their side chains that are generally positive in charge. 16. polypeptide (pol2- -pep2: -At+pdo)lymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. 17. peptide bond: The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction. 18. dehyd