Pharm Exam 2 (Lectures 11-16)

Sedative-hypnotic drug Correct Answer: causes sedation & anxiolysis or encourages sleep; all drugs in this class cause dose-dep CNS depr EXC for buspirone (non-sedating anxiolytic), propranolol (perf anxiety) Diagnoses treated with sedative-hypnotics Correct Answer: - Insomnia = diff falling asleep (sleep onset), staying asleep (sleep maint), waking up too early/not able go back to sleep - Anxiety = ac anx, chron anx (persis worrying out of prop, overthinking/expecting worst case, aff daily func) Addiction Correct Answer: PSYCH state resp to drug by which user compelled to use drug, suffers anx when sep from it - chron, neurobio dis w/ drug use char by 1+ of these: compulsive, chronic, cont desp harm, impaired control, cravings - high relapse risk even after successful w/drawal Anesthesia Correct Answer: LOC assoc w/ absence resp to pain Anxiolytic Correct Answer: drug red anxiety Dependence Correct Answer: PHYS state resp to drug by which remov drug evokes unpleas/life-threat sx (often opp of drug effects) - adap due to drug-spec w/drawal synd that prod by abrupt cessation, rap dose red, antag admin Hypnosis Correct Answer: induction of sleep REM sleep Correct Answer: sleep phase assoc w/ rap eye moves, incl most dreaming Sedation Correct Answer: anxiety red prod calm/sleep Tolerance Correct Answer: drug effect reduction req incr dosage to maint same resp GABAa Receptors Correct Answer: func as Cl- chann w/ spec binding sites for benzos, barbs, Z-comps (Non-BZD BZD rec agonists) MT1 & MT2 Receptors Correct Answer: GPCRs in suprachiasmatic nucl binding melatonin (endog ligand) or MRAs (melat rec agonists) promoting sleep onset OX1 & OX2 (Hypocretin 1 & 2) Receptors Correct Answer: GPCRs (Gq & Gi/o) binding Orexin A & B (endog ligands), suvorexant, lemborexant --> GABA + glutamate rel H1 Receptors Correct Answer: GPCRs (Gq) loc in CNS, sm musc, endoth & binding histamine (endog ligand) --> incr IP3 & DAG