NURS 5334 Pharmacology Module 3 Quiz - See Attached Bundle

Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics  Adverse effects – Absorption of the vasoconstrictor itself can result in systemic toxicity: rate of absorption is determined largely by blood flow to the site of administration. ■ Palpitations ■ Tachycardia ■ Nervousness ■ Hypertension – Alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists ■ Adverse effects – Central nervous system: Excitation followed by depression – Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, heart block, reduced contractile force, cardiac arrest, and hypotension – Allergic reactions – Use in labor and delivery – Methemoglobinemia Topical benzocaine can cause methemoglobinemia, a blood disorder in which hemoglobin is modified such that it cannot release oxygen to tissues. If enough hemoglobin is converted to methemoglobin, death can result. Methemoglobinemia has been associated with benzocaine liquids, sprays, and gels. Lidocaine ■ Most widely used local anesthetic ■ Topical and injectable applications ■ Effects extended if given with epinephrine